cobbler
目录
cobbler简介
Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境。
Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务，而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。
使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置，同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS、TFTP、RSYNC以及yum仓库、构造系统ISO镜像。 Cobbler支持命令行管理，web界面管理，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用，Cobbler客户端Koan支持虚拟机安装和操作系统重新安装。
1、Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动（PXE）的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。
2、Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具（cobbler-web），还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。
3、Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。
4、Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet。
cobbler功能
1、服务器上架后，可以手动选择需要安装的系统（如：Centos6.8 或 Centos 7.3）
2、服务器上架后，能够根据需求，安装配置操作系统（如：修改IP地址、主机名、选择安装包）
3、系统安装后，可以自定义的执行脚本，完成系统基础软件初始化（如：Zabbix安装配置、SaltStack安装配置）
4、可以当内部YUM源，并在系统安装时进行初始化
5、可以重装系统
6、Cobbler支持API，可以无缝融合到自建运维平台中
7、Cobbler支持网卡的路由配置、DNS配置、bonding
cobbler集成的服务
1、PXE服务支持
2、DHCP服务管理
3、DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
4、电源管理
5、Kickstart服务支持
6、YUM仓库管理
7、TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
8、Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler命令
cobbler check //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile //查看配置信息
部署
配置
//配置yum源，并下载epel源
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
//安装cobbler所需要的服务和依赖
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y module enable cobbler:3
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:06 ago on Sun Sep 25 02:20:17 2022.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Dependencies resolved.
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
cobbler 3
Transaction Summary
=================================================================================================================================================================================================
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp.socket
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Disabled
//生成一下加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" "zzh123"
$1$13501$OvXqstR1Chcbh8pGWW/qm0
//修改成刚生成的随机密码
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
103 default_password_crypted: "$1$13501$OvXqstR1Chcbh8pGWW/qm0" //修改密码
220 manage_dhcp: true //打开dhcp
255 next_server: 192.168.78.20 //tftp的ip改为为本机ip
353 server: 192.168.78.20 //server的ip改为为本机ip
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
//通过cobbler check核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//问题1解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
//问题2和问题3解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils
问题4和问题5可以忽略，
因为是debian系统才需要解决，显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents
//配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.78.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.78.2;
option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.78.150 192.168.78.160;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
//同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_033102_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 03:31:02 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=zhaozihao arch=x86_64
//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
zhaozihao-x86_64
profiles:
zhaozihao-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
//查看详细信息 查看指定的--name 接镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name zhaozihao-x86_64
Name : zhaozihao-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/zhaozihao-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name zhaozihao-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/zhaozihao.ks
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/zhapzihao.ks
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
%packages
@^minimal-environment
%end
//此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功 需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py migrate-settings.sh mkgrub.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ ln -s /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/ldlinux.c32
+ set +x
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ls
grub ldlinux.c32 menu.c32 pxelinux.0
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_034502_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 03:45:02 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/zhaozihao-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/zhaozihao-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: zhaozihao-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/zhaozihao-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/zhaozihao-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: zhaozihao-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/zhaozihao-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zhaozihao/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/zhaozihao-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for zhaozihao-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: zhaozihao-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd手动安装
自动安装
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