cobbler3使用总结

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:31:32 发布

Ankele

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:31:32 发布

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按照如下步骤进行安装配置，实现PXE+BIOS安装Centos和Ubuntu，UEFI+iPXE安装Windows2019

若想实现UEFI+iPXE安装Centos和Ubuntu，可以参考附录《更全的ipxe/default.ipxe》配置default.ipxe即可

rocky91安装配置cobbler3.3.3

准备工作

rocky91的IP地址是192.168.1.177

yum -y install vim wget epel-release

systemctl disable --now firewalld

systemctl disable --now dnf-makecache.timer

setenforce 0

sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g’ /etc/selinux/config

安装软件包

yum -y install rsync rsync-daemon httpd dnsmasq tftp tftp-server cobbler pykickstart ipxe-bootimgs-x86

yum -y install samba ipxe-roms-qemu.noarch # Windows需要使用

启动服务

systemctl enable --now httpd cobblerd rsyncd tftp

修改cobbler配置

sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp: false/manage_dhcp: true/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

sed -i ‘s/manage_dhcp_v4: false/manage_dhcp_v4: true/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

sed -i ‘s/next_server_v4: 127.0.0.1/next_server_v4: 192.168.1.177/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

sed -i ‘s/redhat_management_permissive: false/redhat_management_permissive: true/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

sed -i ‘s/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.177/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

修复一些配置

cobbler check
yum -y install yum-utils
yum -y install syslinux*
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/libutil.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
systemctl restart cobblerd
cobbler sync

修改一些代码

根据 https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/3473

[root@localhost modules]# grep -nr wlsd sync_post_wingen_ankele.py -C2
81-    b = h.node_add_child(objs, "{65c31250-afa2-11df-8045-000c29f37d88}")
82-    d = h.node_add_child(b, "Description")
83:    # wlsd mod 2
84-    #h.node_set_value(d, {"key": "Type", "t": REG_DWORD, "value": b"\x03\x00\x20\x13"})
85-    h.node_set_value(d, {"key": "Type", "t": REG_DWORD, "value": b"\x03\x00\x20\x10"})
86-    e = h.node_add_child(b, "Elements")
87:    # wlsd add 2
88-    e1 = h.node_add_child(e, "12000002")
89-    h.node_set_value(e1, {"key": "Element", "t": REG_SZ, "value": "\\windows\\system32\\winload.exe\0".encode(encoding="utf-16le"), }, )
--
178-
179-        if is_wimboot:
180:            # wlsd del 2
181-            #distro_path = os.path.join(settings.webdir, "distro_mirror", distro.name)
182-            #kernel_path = os.path.join(distro_path, "boot")
--
303-
304-            if is_wimboot:
305:                # wlsd mod 2
306-                #wim_file_name = '\\Boot\\' + wim_file_name
307-                wim_file_name = '\\Boot\\' + "winpe.wim"

为Windows修改ipxe.template

sed -i ‘s/kernel $kernel_path $kernel_options initrd=initrd.magic/kernel $kernel_path $kernel_options/’ /etc/cobbler/boot_loader_conf/ipxe.template

为Windows配置ipxe

dnsmasq里边应该是指定的ipxe-x86_64.efi这个文件，所以

cp /usr/share/ipxe/ipxe-x86_64.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/ipxe-x86_64.efi

安装wim工具

不然cobbler import时会报错 no /usr/bin/wiminfo found, please install wimlib-utils 以及 No signature matched in /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/win2019

yum -y install wimlib-utils

开启Windows

sed -i ‘s/windows_enabled: false/windows_enabled: true/’ /etc/cobbler/settings.d/windows.settings

开启dnsmasq

而不使用dhcp-server，原因是Windows得使用dnsmasq方便指定ipxe

sed -i ‘s/module = managers.isc/module = managers.dnsmasq/’ /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

cat /etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template

# Cobbler generated configuration file for dnsmasq
# $date
#

# resolve.conf .. ?
#no-poll
#enable-dbus
read-ethers
addn-hosts = /var/lib/cobbler/cobbler_hosts

dhcp-range=192.168.66.100,192.168.66.200
dhcp-option=66,$next_server_v4
dhcp-lease-max=1000
dhcp-authoritative
#dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
#dhcp-boot=net:normalarch,pxelinux.0
dhcp-match=set:efi-x86_64,option:client-arch,7
dhcp-boot=tag:efi-x86_64,ipxe-x86_64.efi
dhcp-match=set:ipxe,175
dhcp-boot=tag:ipxe,/ipxe/default.ipxe
dhcp-match=set:bios,option:client-arch,0
dhcp-boot=tag:bios,pxelinux.0

$insert_cobbler_system_definitions

systemctl enable --now dnsmasq

cobbler sync

cobbler3.3.3安装Windows2019

配置samba

cat >> /etc/samba/smb.conf << EOF

[DISTRO]
comment = Windows distributions
path = /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror
guest ok = yes
browseable = yes
public = yes
writeable = no
printable = no
locking = no
EOF

systemctl enable --now smb

导入ISO镜像

scp cn_windows_server_2019_x64_dvd_4de40f33.iso 到/root下
mkdir -p /iso/win2019
mount -o ro,loop cn_windows_server_2019_x64_dvd_4de40f33.iso /iso/win2019
cobbler import --path=/iso/win2019 --name=win2019

指定应答文件

cobbler profile edit --name=win2019-x86_64 --autoinstall-meta=“kernel=http://@@http_server@@/cobbler/images/@@distro_name@@/wimboot bootmgr=bootmgr.exe bcd=bcd winpe=winpe.wim answerfile=autounattended.xml”
ln -s /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/win2019 /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/win2019-x86_64
cobbler sync

替换cobbler sync生成的winpe.wim，然后给wimpe.wim注入命令

cp /root/winpe.wim /var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/
/usr/bin/wimupdate /var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/winpe.wim --command=“add /root/winpe_inject /Windows/System32/startnet.cmd”

[root@localhost win2019-x86_64]# cat /root/winpe_inject
wpeinit

ping 127.0.0.1 -n 10 >nul
net use z: \\192.168.1.177\DISTRO\win2019-x86_64
set exit_code=%ERRORLEVEL%
IF %exit_code% EQU 0 GOTO INSTALL
echo "Can't mount network drive"
pause
goto EXIT

:INSTALL

z:\sources\setup.exe /unattend:Z:\autounattended.xml
:EXIT
exit

# 解释
# net use z: \\192.168.1.177\DISTRO\win2019-x86_64 表示使用smb协议挂载192.168.1.177的共享目录，可修改此IP

覆盖
cd /var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/
cp winpe.wim /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/win2019-x86_64/boot/winpe.wim
cp winpe.wim /var/lib/tftpboot/images/win2019-x86_64/

下载wimboot

根据https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/3473

https://github.com/ipxe/wimboot/releases/latest/download/wimboot，
并copy到几个地方
/var/lib/tftpboot
/var/lib/tftpboot/images/win2019-x86_64
/var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/

/var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/下边共有这几个文件
autounattended.xml bcd boot.sdi bootmgr.exe pxeboot.n12 wimboot winpe.wim

准备好 autounattended.xml，见附件

/var/lib/tftpboot/images/win2019-x86_64/autounattended.xml
/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/win2019/autounattended.xml
/var/www/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/autounattended.xml

默认从windows启动

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/ipxe/default.ipxe

...
set menu-timeout 2000
isset ${menu-default} || set menu-default win2019-x86_64
...

systemctl restart cobblerd

安装Ubuntu20.04.6-live-server

mkdir /iso/ubuntu20046
mount -o loop,ro ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso /iso/ubuntu20046
cobbler import --path=/iso/ubuntu20046 --name=ubuntu20046
之后/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default中便有了ubuntu20046

修改default，添加参数

LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        MENU LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        kernel /images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/vmlinuz
        append initrd=/images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/initrd  hostname=ubuntu20046-casper-x8664 domain=local.lan suite=focal
        ipappend 2

改为

LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        MENU LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        kernel /images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/vmlinuz
        initrd /images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/initrd
        append biosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 netcfg/choose_interface=auto ip=dhcp autoinstall ds='nocloud-net;s=http://192.168.1.177:3003/' cloud-config-url=http://192.168.1.177:3003/user-data url=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/isos/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso
        ipappend 2
# 其中biosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 在live阶段起作用。欲修改安装后系统的网卡名称，cloud-init的user-data中使用shell命令来配置内核参数
# netcfg/choose_interface=auto ip=dhcp 表示任意选中一张网卡，通过DHCP获取IP，用以与我们的server通信
# autoinstall 指定自动安装
# ds='nocloud-net;s=http://192.168.1.177:3003/' 指定安装方式是nocloud-net，并给出包含user-data和meta-data的http静态路径
# cloud-config-url=http://192.168.1.177:3003/user-data 给出user-data具体路径，方便获取cloud-init指令
# url=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/isos/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso 指定网络安装时局域网内的ISO文件路径

添加user-data

mkdir /root/http_server
touch /root/http_server/user-data
touch /root/http_server/meta-data

cat /root/http_server/meta-data

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  apt:
    geoip: true
    preserve_sources_list: false
    primary:
    - arches: [amd64, i386]
      uri: http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
    - arches: [default]
      uri: http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
  identity:
    hostname: ubuntu-server
    password: $6$exDY1mhS4KUYCE/2$zmn9ToZwTKLhCw.b4/b.ZRTIZM30JZ4QrOQ2aOXJ8yk96xpcCof0kxKwuX1kqLG/ygbJ1f8wxED22bTL4F46P0
    username: ubuntu
  keyboard: {layout: us, toggle: null, variant: ''}
  locale: en_US
  network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
      eth0:
        dhcp4: true
        nameservers:
          addresses: [8.8.8.8]
  ssh:
    allow-pw: true
    authorized-keys: []
    install-server: true

  #### POST Install commands
  late-commands:
    - sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /target/etc/ssh/sshd_config
    - sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication yes/' /target/etc/ssh/sshd_config
    # - echo "root:root" | chpasswd
    # - sed -i '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /target/etc/default/grub && update-grub  # there is no grub2-common
    - sed -i '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s@"$@ net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"@' /target/etc/default/grub
    # - apt -y install grub2-common
    # - grub-mkconfig -o /target/boot/grub/grub.cfg
    - echo '#!/bin/bash' > /target/etc/rc.local
    - echo 'echo root:root | chpasswd' >> /target/etc/rc.local
    - echo 'update-grub' >> /target/etc/rc.local
    - echo 'touch /root/haha' >> /target/etc/rc.local
    - echo 'rm -- "$0"' >> /target/etc/rc.local
    - echo 'reboot' >> /target/etc/rc.local
    - chmod a+x /target/etc/rc.local

然后进入到/root/http_server

python -m http.server 3003

安装CentOS

CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso
mkdir /iso/centos7
mount -o loop,ro CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso /iso/centos7/
cobbler import --path=/iso/centos7 --name=centos7
准备好centos7.ks，修改里边的IP
cobbler profile edit --name centos7-x86_64 --autoinstall centos7.ks

附录

autounattended.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<unattend xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:unattend">
    <servicing>
        <package action="configure">
            <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Foundation-Package" version="10.0.17763.1" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="" />
            <selection name="RemoteAccess" state="true" />
            <selection name="Remote-Desktop-Services" state="true" />
        </package>
        <package action="configure" permanence="permanent">
            <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-InternetExplorer-Optional-Package" version="11.0.17763.1" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="" />
        </package>
        <package action="configure" permanence="permanent">
            <assemblyIdentity name="OpenSSH-Client-Package" version="10.0.17763.1" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="" />
        </package>
    </servicing>
    <settings pass="windowsPE">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core-WinPE" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <SetupUILanguage>
                <UILanguage>en-US</UILanguage>
            </SetupUILanguage>
            <InputLocale>0c09:00000409</InputLocale>
            <SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale>
            <UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage>
            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback>
            <UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale>
        </component>
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
      
            <DiskConfiguration>
                <Disk wcm:action="add">
                    <CreatePartitions>
                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>1</Order>
                            <Size>485</Size>
                            <Type>Primary</Type>
                        </CreatePartition>
                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>2</Order>
                            <Size>100</Size>
                            <Type>EFI</Type>
                        </CreatePartition>
                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>3</Order>
                            <Size>128</Size>
                            <Type>MSR</Type>
                        </CreatePartition>
                        <CreatePartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>4</Order>
                            <Type>Primary</Type>
                            <Extend>true</Extend>
                        </CreatePartition>
                    </CreatePartitions>
                    <ModifyPartitions>
                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Format>NTFS</Format>
                            <Label>WINRE</Label>
                            <Order>1</Order>
                            <PartitionID>1</PartitionID>
                        </ModifyPartition>
                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>2</Order>
                            <Format>FAT32</Format>
                            <Label>System</Label>
                            <PartitionID>2</PartitionID>
                        </ModifyPartition>
                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Order>3</Order>
                            <PartitionID>3</PartitionID>
                        </ModifyPartition>
                        <ModifyPartition wcm:action="add">
                            <Letter>C</Letter>
                            <Order>4</Order>
                            <PartitionID>4</PartitionID>
                            <Label>Windows</Label>
                            <Format>NTFS</Format>
                        </ModifyPartition>
                    </ModifyPartitions>
                    <DiskID>0</DiskID>
                    <WillWipeDisk>true</WillWipeDisk>
                </Disk>
            </DiskConfiguration>
            <ImageInstall>
                <OSImage>
                    <InstallFrom>
                        <MetaData wcm:action="add">
                            <Key>/IMAGE/NAME</Key>
                            <Value>Windows Server 2019 SERVERSTANDARD</Value>
                        </MetaData>
                    </InstallFrom>
                    <InstallTo>
                        <DiskID>0</DiskID>
                        <PartitionID>4</PartitionID>
                    </InstallTo>
                </OSImage>
            </ImageInstall>
            <UserData>
                <ProductKey>
                    <Key>N69G4-B89J2-4G8F4-WWYCC-J464C</Key>
                </ProductKey>
                <AcceptEula>true</AcceptEula>
                <FullName>ankele</FullName>
                <Organization>ankele</Organization>
            </UserData>
            <DynamicUpdate>
                <Enable>false</Enable>
            </DynamicUpdate>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="offlineServicing">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-LUA-Settings" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <EnableLUA>false</EnableLUA>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="generalize">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP" processorArchitecture="amd64"
            publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <SkipRearm>1</SkipRearm>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="specialize">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-International-Core" processorArchitecture="amd64"
            publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <InputLocale>0c09:00000409</InputLocale>
            <SystemLocale>zh-CN</SystemLocale>
            <UILanguage>zh-CN</UILanguage>
            <UILanguageFallback>zh-CN</UILanguageFallback>
            <UserLocale>zh-CN</UserLocale>
        </component>
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Security-SPP-UX" processorArchitecture="amd64"
            publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <SkipAutoActivation>true</SkipAutoActivation>
        </component>
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-SQMApi" processorArchitecture="amd64"
            publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <CEIPEnabled>0</CEIPEnabled>
        </component>
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64"
            publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS"
            xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <ComputerName>-PC-ankele</ComputerName>
            <ProductKey>N69G4-B89J2-4G8F4-WWYCC-J464C</ProductKey>
        </component>
        <component name="Networking-MPSSVC-Svc" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <PrivateProfile_EnableFirewall>false</PrivateProfile_EnableFirewall>
            <PublicProfile_EnableFirewall>false</PublicProfile_EnableFirewall>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <settings pass="oobeSystem">
        <component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" xmlns:wcm="http://schemas.microsoft.com/WMIConfig/2002/State" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <AutoLogon>
                <Password>
                    <Value>aQBuAHMAdABhAGMAawBQAGEAcwBzAHcAbwByAGQA</Value>
                    <PlainText>false</PlainText>
                </Password>
                <Enabled>true</Enabled>
                <Username>ankele</Username>
            </AutoLogon>
            <DesktopOptimization>
                <GoToDesktopOnSignIn>true</GoToDesktopOnSignIn>
                <ShowWindowsStoreAppsOnTaskbar>false</ShowWindowsStoreAppsOnTaskbar>
            </DesktopOptimization>
            <FirstLogonCommands>
                <SynchronousCommand wcm:action="add">
                    <CommandLine>reg add &quot;HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server&quot; /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f</CommandLine>
                    <Order>1</Order>
                    <RequiresUserInput>false</RequiresUserInput>
                </SynchronousCommand>
            </FirstLogonCommands>
            <OOBE>
                <VMModeOptimizations>
                    <SkipAdministratorProfileRemoval>true</SkipAdministratorProfileRemoval>
                    <SkipNotifyUILanguageChange>true</SkipNotifyUILanguageChange>
                    <SkipWinREInitialization>true</SkipWinREInitialization>
                </VMModeOptimizations>
            </OOBE>
            <UserAccounts>
                <AdministratorPassword>
                    <Value>aQBuAHMAdABhAGMAawBBAGQAbQBpAG4AaQBzAHQAcgBhAHQAbwByAFAAYQBzAHMAdwBvAHIAZAA=</Value>
                    <PlainText>false</PlainText>
                </AdministratorPassword>
                <LocalAccounts>
                    <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
                        <Password>
                            <Value>aQBuAHMAdABhAGMAawBQAGEAcwBzAHcAbwByAGQA</Value>
                            <PlainText>false</PlainText>
                        </Password>
                        <Description>pc of ankele</Description>
                        <DisplayName>ankele</DisplayName>
                        <Group>Administrators</Group>
                        <Name>ankele</Name>
                    </LocalAccount>
                </LocalAccounts>
            </UserAccounts>
            <BluetoothTaskbarIconEnabled>false</BluetoothTaskbarIconEnabled>
            <ConvertibleSlateModePromptPreference>0</ConvertibleSlateModePromptPreference>
            <DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>false</DisableAutoDaylightTimeSet>
            <DoNotCleanTaskBar>true</DoNotCleanTaskBar>
            <EnableStartMenu>true</EnableStartMenu>
            <RegisteredOrganization>ankele</RegisteredOrganization>
            <RegisteredOwner>ankele</RegisteredOwner>
            <ShowPowerButtonOnStartScreen>true</ShowPowerButtonOnStartScreen>
            <SignInMode>0</SignInMode>
            <TimeZone>Asia/Shanghai</TimeZone>
        </component>
    </settings>
    <cpi:offlineImage cpi:source="wim:c:/users/86153/desktop/install.wim#Windows Server 2019 SERVERSTANDARD" xmlns:cpi="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:cpi" />
</unattend>

centos7.ks

cat centos7.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.


#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
# wlsd mod 2
#url --url=$tree
url --url=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/links/centos7-x86_64/
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos7


# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on


# Reboot after installation
reboot


#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$wHSPTJgs$o8vHsC2Krje.9QMb8slNe/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
# wlsd, install has been removed
#install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart


%pre


set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1


# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &




curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/pre/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /dev/null


# Enable installation monitoring
#ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $2, $4}' > /tmp/ip
#curl "http://192.168.1.177:5000/c?ip=$IP"
%end


%packages
@core
%end


%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1


%end


%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1






# Start yum configuration
# wlsd mod 2
#curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/centos7-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/distro_mirror/config/centos7-x86_64-0.repo" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo


# End yum configuration


# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code


# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)


# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.1.177" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.1.177" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup


# begin Red Hat management server registration
# not configured to register to any Red Hat management server (ok)
# end Red Hat management server registration


# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration


# Enable post-install boot notification


# Start final steps


curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/post/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /dev/null
# End final steps
%end

inspect.ks

inspect的作用是在安装操作系统之前获取物理机的MAC地址，这里我在192.168.1.177上搞了一个restful接口，用于接收来自inspect的主机的MAC地址信息，然后便可以实现通过system来固定裸机要安装什么操作系统以及要给裸机什么IP了（指定IP目前仅支持Centos），这里可以跳过不看

# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.

# platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
# wlsd mod 2
# url --url=$tree
url --url=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/links/centos7-x86_64/
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/distro_mirror/centos7

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# wlsd
# Reboot after installation
interactive
# reboot
# poweroff

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$wHSPTJgs$o8vHsC2Krje.9QMb8slNe/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
# wlsd, install has been removed
# install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
# wlsd
# ip -o -4 a | awk 'BEGIN{OFS="-"} !/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $2,$4}'
# ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $2}' > /tmp/ifname
# ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $4}' > /tmp/ipaddr

# ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {if (!done) {print $2; done=1}}' > /tmp/ifname
# ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {if (!done) {print $4; done=1}}' > /tmp/ipaddr
# ip -o link show | awk '$2 !~ /lo:/ {print $17; exit}'> /tmp/macaddr
# dmidecode -t baseboard > /tmp/baseboard
# ifname=$(cat /tmp/ifname)
# ipaddr=$(cat /tmp/ipaddr)
# macaddr=$(cat /tmp/macaddr)
# echo $ifname > /etc/ifname
# echo $ipaddr > /etc/ipaddr
# echo $macaddr > /etc/macaddr
# curl "http://192.168.1.177:5000/report_if?ifname=$ifname&ipaddr=$ipaddr&macaddr=$macaddr"

ip a > /tmp/ip
dmidecode -t baseboard > /tmp/inspect_info
curl -X POST -F "file=@/tmp/ip" "http://192.168.1.177:5000/inspect_info"
curl -X POST -F "file=@/tmp/inspect_info" "http://192.168.1.177:5000/inspect_info"

set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &


curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/pre/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /dev/null

# Enable installation monitoring
# ip -o -4 a | awk '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $2, $4}' > /tmp/ip
# curl "http://192.168.1.177:5000/c?ip=$IP"
%end

%packages
@core
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1



# Start yum configuration
# wlsd mod 2
# curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/centos7-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/distro_mirror/config/centos7-x86_64-0.repo" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration

# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.1.177" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.1.177" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

# begin Red Hat management server registration
# not configured to register to any Red Hat management server (ok)
# end Red Hat management server registration

# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
curl "http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/trig/mode/post/profile/centos7-x86_64" -o /dev/null
# End final steps
%end

pxelinux.cfg

从BIOS引导centos7和Ubuntu

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | https://cobbler.github.io
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT local

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

LABEL centos7-x86_64
        MENU LABEL centos7-x86_64
        kernel /images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuz
        append initrd=/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img  kssendmac inst.ks=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/centos7-x86_64
        ipappend 2

LABEL inspect-x86_64
        MENU LABEL inspect-x86_64
        kernel /images/inspect-x86_64/vmlinuz
        append initrd=/images/inspect-x86_64/initrd.img  kssendmac inst.ks=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/inspect-x86_64
        ipappend 2

LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        MENU LABEL ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
        kernel /images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/vmlinuz
        initrd /images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/initrd
        append biosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 netcfg/choose_interface=auto ip=dhcp autoinstall ds='nocloud-net;s=http://192.168.1.177:3003/' cloud-config-url=http://192.168.1.177:3003/user-data url=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/isos/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso
        ipappend 2

MENU end

ipxe/default.ipxe

从ipxe引导Windows2019

#!ipxe

set menu-timeout 20000
set submenu-timeout ${menu-timeout}

# Set Menu Default to Exit after timeout
isset ${menu-default} || set menu-default local

:Cobbler
menu Cobbler | https://cobbler.github.io
item local (local)
item win2019-x86_64 win2019-x86_64
choose --default ${menu-default} --timeout ${menu-timeout} target && goto ${target}

:win2019-x86_64
kernel http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/wimboot
initrd --name boot.sdi http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/boot.sdi boot.sdi
initrd --name bootmgr.exe http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/bootmgr.exe bootmgr.exe
initrd --name bcd http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/bcd bcd
initrd --name winpe.wim http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/winpe.wim winpe.wim
boot


:local
iseq ${smbios/manufacturer} HP && exit ||
sanboot --no-describe --drive 0x80

更全的ipxe/default.ipxe

UEFI+ipxe引导Windows，centos，Ubuntu

 cat ipxe/default.ipxe
#!ipxe

set menu-timeout 20000
set submenu-timeout ${menu-timeout}

# Set Menu Default to Exit after timeout
isset ${menu-default} || set menu-default local

:Cobbler
menu Cobbler | https://cobbler.github.io
item local (local)
item centos7-x86_64 centos7-x86_64
item inspect-x86_64 inspect-x86_64
item ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64 ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
item win2019-x86_64 win2019-x86_64
choose --default ${menu-default} --timeout ${menu-timeout} target && goto ${target}


:centos7-x86_64
kernel http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64/vmlinuz
initrd http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/centos7-x86_64/initrd.img
imgargs vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/centos7-x86_64
boot


:inspect-x86_64
kernel http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/inspect-x86_64/vmlinuz
initrd http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/inspect-x86_64/initrd.img
imgargs vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img inst.ks=http://192.168.1.177/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/inspect-x86_64
boot


:ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64
kernel http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/vmlinuz
initrd http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/ubuntu20046-casper-x86_64/initrd
imgargs vmlinuz initrd=initrd biosdevname=0 net.ifnames=0 netcfg/choose_interface=auto ip=dhcp autoinstall ds='nocloud-net;s=http://192.168.1.177:3003/' cloud-config-url=http://192.168.1.177:3003/user-data url=http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/isos/ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso
boot


:win2019-x86_64
kernel http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/wimboot
initrd --name boot.sdi http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/boot.sdi boot.sdi
initrd --name bootmgr.exe http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/bootmgr.exe bootmgr.exe
initrd --name bcd http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/bcd bcd
initrd --name winpe.wim http://192.168.1.177/cobbler/images/win2019-x86_64/winpe.wim winpe.wim
boot


:local
iseq ${smbios/manufacturer} HP && exit ||
sanboot --no-describe --drive 0x80

注意

错误

局域网中有路由器，路由器开启了dhcp，虽然第一次获取IP地址时，需要tftp，而必须走我们的dnsmasq，但后续dhcp ack时，有可能因为路由器给了一个IP地址，用此IP作为dhcp ack会报错，然后被dnsmasq拒绝掉
dnsmasq报错：DHCPNAK(ens3) 192.168.1.106 f0:1f:af:f0:da:6a wrong server-ID
所以，还是直接关掉路由器dhcp，保证局域网中只有一个dhcp服务器