《Python语言程序设计教程》赵璐 课堂例题

1.列表与元组

#筛选法求素数 4-4.py
primes = [1] * 300;
primes[0:2] = [0,0]
for i in range(2 , 300):
    if primes[i]==1:
        for j in range (i+1,300):
            if primes[j] != 0 and j % i == 0:
                primes[j] = 0
                
print("300以内的素数包括，")
for i in range(2 , 300):
    if primes[i]:
        print(i , end = "")

#二分查找 4-5.py
ls = [34,64,67,72,73,82,83,85,87,88,90,91,96,98]
x = int(input('请输入待查的数：'))

low = 0
high = len(ls) - 1

while low < high:
    mid = (low + high) //2
    if ls [mid] < x:
        low = mid + 1
    elif ls[mid] > x:
        high = mid - 1
    else:
        print('找到{},索引为{}！'.format(x,mid));
        break;
else:
    print("没有找到{}".format(x))

#模拟掷两个骰子100000次，统计2~12各点数出现的概率 4-7.py
from random import *

seed()
faces = [0]*13
for i in range(100000):
    face1 = int(random() * 100) % (6 - 1 + 1) + 1
    face2 = int(random() * 100) % (6 - 1 + 1) + 1
    faces[face1+face2] += 1
    
print("模拟掷两个骰子100000次结果如下：")
for i in range(2,13):
    rate = faces[i] / 100000
    print('点数{}出现了{})次'.format(i,faces[i]),end=",")
    print('出现概率{:.2%}'.format(rate))

#武功属性评分统计 4-9.py
attrs =["筋骨","敏捷","气势","反应","技巧","内力"]
tables = [['萧峰',20,17,20,20,18,19],
           ['杨过',18,19,17,20,18,18],
           ['令狐冲',12,17,14,20,19,13],
           ['张无忌',20,17,15,14,20,20],
           ['郭靖',19,18,19,18,19,20]]

#提取大侠的名字列表names
names = [item[0] for item in tables]

#提取评分列表scores
scores = [item[1:] for item in tables]

#生成各大侠的总分列表totals
totals = [sum(item) for item in scores]

#生成各个属性怕平均分列表avgs
avgs = []
for j in range(6):
    avgs.append(sum([scores[i][j] for i in range(5)])/5)
        
#输出五位大侠的总分
print('\n位大侠的总分是：')
for i in range(5):
    print('{:<6}:{:>4}'.format(names[i],totals[i]))
        
#输出不同属性的平均分
print('\n不同属性的平均分是：')
for i in range(6):
     print('{:<8}:{:>4}'.format(attrs[i],avgs[i]))
        
#输出得分最高的大侠的名字
print('\n总分最高的大侠的名字是：',end='---')
print(names[totals.index(max(totals))])

2.字典与集合

sentence = "Life is short,we need Python."
sentence = sentence.lower()

counts={}
for c in sentence:
    if c in counts:
        counts[c] = counts[c] + 1
    else:
        counts[c] = 1
            
print(counts)

dicAres = {'Russia':1707.5,'Canada':997.1,'China':960.1}
ls = sorted(dicAres)

for country in ls:
    print(country,dicAres[country])

dicAres = {'Russia':1707.5,'Canada':997.1,'China':960.1}

lsVK=[(v,k) for k,v in dicAres.items()]

lsVK.sort()

lsVK=[(v,k) for v,k in lsVK]
print(lsVK)

dicAres = {'俄罗斯':1707.5,'加拿大':997.1,'中国':960.1,'美国':936.4,'巴西':854.7}
dicCapitals ={'俄罗斯':'莫斯科','加拿大':'渥太华','中国':'北京','美国':'华盛顿','巴西':'巴西利亚'}

dicCountries={}

for key in dicAres.keys():
    dicCountries[key] = [dicAres[key],dicCapitals[key]]
    
for item in dicCountries.items():
    print(item)

setI={'Python','C++','C','Java','C#'}
setT={'Java','C','Python','C++','VB.NET'}

print('IEEE2018排行榜前五的编程语言有：')
print(setI)

print('TIOBE2018排行榜前五的编程语言有：')
print(setT)

print("前五名所有上榜的语言有：")
print(setI | setT)

print('在两个榜单同时进前五的语言有：')
print(setI & setT)

print('只在IEEE进前五的语言有：')
print(setI - setT)

print('只有一个榜单进前五的语言：')
print(setI ^ setT)

#用字典实现武功属性评分统计 5-10.py
tables = {'萧峰':{"筋骨":20,"敏捷":17,"气势":20,"反应":20,"技巧":18,"内力":19},
          '杨过':{"筋骨":18,"敏捷":19,"气势":17,"反应":20,"技巧":18,"内力":18},
          '令狐冲':{"筋骨":12,"敏捷":17,"气势":14,"反应":20,"技巧":19,"内力":13},
          '张无忌':{"筋骨":20,"敏捷":17,"气势":15,"反应":14,"技巧":20,"内力":20},
          '郭靖':{"筋骨":19,"敏捷":18,"气势":19,"反应":18,"技巧":19,"内力":20}}

for k,v in tables.items():
    tables[k]['总分']=tables[k]['筋骨']+tables[k]['敏捷']+tables[k]['气势']+tables[k]['反应']+tables[k]['技巧']+tables[k]['内力']
    print('{:<6}:{:>4}'.format(k,v['总分']))
    
dictri={}
for k,v in tables.items():
    dictri['筋骨']=dictri.get('筋骨',0)+v['筋骨']
    dictri['敏捷']=dictri.get('敏捷',0)+v['敏捷']
    dictri['气势']=dictri.get('气势',0)+v['气势']
    dictri['反应']=dictri.get('反应',0)+v['反应']
    dictri['技巧']=dictri.get('技巧',0)+v['技巧']
    dictri['内力']=dictri.get('内力',0)+v['内力']
    
n=len(tables)
for k,v in dictri.items():
    dictri[k]=v/n
    
print("\n不同属性的平均分是：")
for k,v in dictri.items():
    print('{:<8}:{:>4}'.format(k,v))
    
totals=[(v['总分'],k) for k,v in tables.items()]
totals.sort(reverse=True)
print("\n总分最高的大侠是",end='——')
print(totals[0][1])