JAVA之Servlet的ServletContext总结

特点

1. 在一个web项目当中，有且仅有这一个servletcontext对象
2. 生命周期。当服务器启动初始化该对象直到服务器关闭自动销毁

获取方式

1. 通过this对象获取
   ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
2. 通过HttpServletRequest对象获取
   ServletContext servletContext1 = req.getServletContext();
3. 通过session对象获取
   HttpSession session = req.getSession();
ServletContext servletContext2 = session.getServletContext();

例子

package servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/a")
public class GetServletContext extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.通过this对象获取
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        // 2.通过HttpServletRequest对象获取
        ServletContext servletContext1 = req.getServletContext();
        // 3.通过session对象获取
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        ServletContext servletContext2 = session.getServletContext();

        // 通过打印。得出都是用的同一个对象
        System.out.println("servletContext:"+servletContext);
        System.out.println("servletContext1:"+servletContext1);
        System.out.println("servletContext2:"+servletContext2);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

运行结果

servletContext:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@54a22e00
servletContext1:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@54a22e00
servletContext2:org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@54a22e00

常用方法

返回值	函数名	说明
String	getRealPath("/")	获取项目真实路径
String	getContextPath()	获取项目上下文路径
void	setAttribute(String jian,String zhi)	设置一个键值对进行存储
Object	getAttribute(String jian)	通过键获取存储的值
void	removeAttribute(String jian)	移除该键

样例

package servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(value = "/b")
public class ServletContextMethod extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        // 1.获取项目真实路径
        String path1 = servletContext.getRealPath("/");
        // 2.获取项目上下文路径
        String path2 = servletContext.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(path1);
        System.out.println(path2);
        // 3.设置全局容器
        servletContext.setAttribute("username","xiaoming");
        String name = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");
        servletContext.removeAttribute("username");
        String name1 = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");
        System.out.println("没移除之前username："+name);
        if(name1 == null){
            System.out.println("该键已被移除");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

运行结果

D:\IDEA\workspace\MyServlet\out\artifacts\MyServlet_war_exploded
/MyServlet_war_exploded
没移除之前username：xiaoming
该键已被移除

应用场景

  通过以上的介绍，servletcontext对象可用于当计数器，设置该项目被访问的次数

作用域总结

1. Cookie数据
   一次请求
2. Session数据
   一次会话
3. ServletContext数据
   整个web项目过程，直到服务器关闭