java-web之ServletContext

百度百科：

ServletContext接口是Servlet中最大的一个接口，呈现了web应用的Servlet视图

我的理解：

ServletContext是一个容器，可以存放你在网页中，你的项目里你你所浏览过的，编写过的东西。可利用这个容器调出来使用。

以下均用代码展示：

 

1. 共享数据

web.xml配置：

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

HelloServlet.java

package top.klxy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @Author: SmallWang
 * @Date: 2020/7/19 0019 21:54
 * @Version： 1.0
 */
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        System.out.println("hello");    //控制台打印
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("hello");  //网页里面打印 hello
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String name = "王驰";
        context.setAttribute("username",name);  //将一个数据保存在servlet中    名为：usersname   值为： name
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

GetServlet.java

package top.klxy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @Author: SmallWang
 * @Date: 2020/7/19 0019 22:33
 * @Version： 1.0
 */
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("名字："+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

启动服务器，浏览器先输入：http://localhost:8081/s1/hello     在输入：http://localhost:8081/s2/get

可以获得在HelloServlet中保存的姓名：

注意：如果启动项目直接输入http://localhost:8081/s2/get地址会得的空值    名字：null

 

2. 获取初始化参数

在web.xml中定义个初始化参数

    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

web.xml中定义路径

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo03</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo03</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo03</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

ServletDemo.java

package top.klxy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @Author: SmallWang
 * @Date: 2020/7/19 0019 22:43
 * @Version： 1.0
 */
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

启动服务器，浏览器输入地址：http://localhost:8081/s2/demo03

 

3. 请求转发（重定向）

web.xml配置：

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo03</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo03</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo03</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo04</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo04</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo04</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

ServletDemo04.java

package top.klxy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author: SmallWang
 * @Date: 2020/7/19 0019 22:50
 * @Version： 1.0
 */
public class ServletDemo04  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("ServletDemo04");
        /*
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/demo03");//转发的请求路径
        dispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发
        */
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/demo03").forward(req,resp); //等价于上面两句注释
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

启动服务器，浏览器输入地址：http://localhost:8081/s2/demo04

4.读取资源文件

要知道，在javaweb项目中，我们的资源文件和src下的源码文件在打包后都在一个classes路径下，俗称：类路径

资源文件：

web.xml配置：

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>demo05</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>top.klxy.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>demo05</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/demo05</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

ServletDemo05.java

package top.klxy.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * @Author: SmallWang
 * @Date: 2020/7/19 0019 23:06
 * @Version： 1.0
 */
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        InputStream is = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties pro = new Properties();
        pro.load(is);
        String uer = pro.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = pro.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().println("姓名：" + uer +"\n密码："+pwd);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

启动服务器，浏览器输入地址：http://localhost:8081/s2/demo05