一对多和多对一的实例有很多,下面我们以员工和部门为例子:
首先创建主配置文件,设置jdbc的配置和连接池
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- jdbc驱动类 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<!-- jdbc的url -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:XE</property>
<!-- jdbc的用户名 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">evan</property>
<!-- jdbc的密码 -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123</property>
<!-- 打印映射信息 -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
<!-- 方言 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>
<!-- 配置c3p0连接池 -->
<!-- 最大连接数 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>
<!-- 最小连接数 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">1</property>
<!-- 获取连接超时时间,若超过这个时间会抛出异常,单位:毫秒 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">5000</property>
<!-- 创建PreparedStatement对象的最大数量 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
<!-- 每个指定时间检查连接池中的空闲连接,时间单位:秒 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">150</property>
<!-- 当连接池使用完毕,c3p0再和数据库建立n个连接放置到连接池中 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
<!-- 每次都验证连接是否可用 -->
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</property>
<!-- 将session与当前线程绑定 -->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 映射路径 -->
<!-- <mapping resource="cn/qblank/hibernate/entity/stu.hbm.xml"/> -->
<!-- <mapping resource="cn/qblank/hibernate/entity/employee.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="cn/qblank/hibernate/entity/dept.hbm.xml"/> -->
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
创建dept实体类和employee实体类
Dept.java
package cn.qblank.hibernate.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Dept {
private int deptId;
private String deptName;
// 【一对多】 部门对应的多个员工
private Set<Employee> emps = new HashSet<Employee>();
public int getDeptId() {
return deptId;
}
public void setDeptId(int deptId) {
this.deptId = deptId;
}
public String getDeptName() {
return deptName;
}
public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
this.deptName = deptName;
}
public Set<Employee> getEmps() {
return emps;
}
public void setEmps(Set<Employee> emps) {
this.emps = emps;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dept [deptId=" + deptId + ", deptName=" + deptName + ", emps="
+ emps + "]";
}
}
Employee.java
package cn.qblank.hibernate.entity;
public class Employee {
private int empId;
private String empName;
private double salary;
// 【多对一】员工与部门
private Dept dept;
public int getEmpId() {
return empId;
}
public void setEmpId(int empId) {
this.empId = empId;
}
public String getEmpName() {
return empName;
}
public void setEmpName(String empName) {
this.empName = empName;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Dept getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Dept dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName
+ ", salary=" + salary + ", dept=" + dept + "]";
}
}
然后配置映射文件
employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.qblank.hibernate.entity">
<class name="Employee" table="t_employee">
<id name="empId" column="empid" type="int">
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">t_employee_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="empName" column="empName" type="string"></property>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="double"></property>
<!-- 与部门之间的关系 多对一 -->
<!--
多对一映射配置
Employee 映射关键点:
1. 映射的部门属性 (name) : dept
2. 映射的部门属性,对应的外键字段(column): dept_id
3. 部门的类型class : Dept
-->
<many-to-one name="dept" column="dept_id" class="Dept"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
dept.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.qblank.hibernate.entity">
<class name="Dept" table="t_dept">
<id name="deptId" column="deptId" type="int">
<generator class="sequence">
<param name="sequence">t_dept_seq</param>
</generator>
</id>
<property name="deptName" column="deptName" type="string"></property>
<!-- 一对多-->
<!--
一对多关联映射配置 (通过部门管理到员工)
Dept 映射:
1. 指定 映射的集合属性(name): "emps"
2. 集合属性对应的集合表: "t_employee"
3. 集合表的外键字段 "t_employee. dept_id"
4. 集合元素的类型
inverse=false set集合映射的默认值: 表示有控制权
-->
<set name="emps" table="t_employee" cascade="save-update,delete">
<key column="dept_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="Employee"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
这样就配置完成了,下面我们就来测试一下(一对多中的一)少的一方
static {
factory = new Configuration()
.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml")
.addClass(Dept.class)
.addClass(Employee.class) // 测试时候使用
.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
save1();
}
public static void save1() {
Session session = factory.openSession();
// 部门对象
Dept dept = new Dept();
dept.setDeptName("应用开发部");
// 员工对象
Employee emp_zs = new Employee();
Employee emp_ls = new Employee();
emp_zs.setEmpName("张三");
emp_ls.setEmpName("李四");
// 关系
dept.getEmps().add(emp_zs);
dept.getEmps().add(emp_ls);
try {
trans = session.beginTransaction();
// 保存
session.save(emp_zs);
session.save(emp_ls);
session.save(dept); // 保存部门,部门下所有的员工
trans.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
trans.rollback();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
运行结果:
打印的sql语句如下:
插入对应的表数据
Hibernate: select t_employee_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: select t_employee_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: select t_dept_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: insert into t_employee (empName, salary, dept_id, empid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_employee (empName, salary, dept_id, empid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_dept (deptName, deptId) values (?, ?)
将两个表进行关联起来(即将dept_id的值修改为与dept表对应的数据)
Hibernate: update t_employee set dept_id=? where empid=?
Hibernate: update t_employee set dept_id=? where empid=?
下面我们就来测试多的一方(一对多中的多)
public static void save2() {
Session session = factory.openSession();
// 部门对象
Dept dept = new Dept();
dept.setDeptName("软件测试部");
// 员工对象
Employee emp_zs = new Employee();
emp_zs.setEmpName("王大大");
Employee emp_ls = new Employee();
emp_ls.setEmpName("evan");
// 关系
emp_zs.setDept(dept);
emp_ls.setDept(dept);
try {
trans = session.beginTransaction();
// 保存
session.save(dept); // 先保存一的方法
session.save(emp_zs);
session.save(emp_ls);// 再保存多的一方,关系回自动维护(映射配置完)
trans.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
trans.rollback();
}finally{
session.close();
}
}
运行结果如下:
打印的sql语句如下:
Hibernate: select t_dept_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: select t_employee_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: select t_employee_seq.nextval from dual
Hibernate: insert into t_dept (deptName, deptId) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_employee (empName, salary, dept_id, empid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_employee (empName, salary, dept_id, empid) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
我们可以发现,这种相对于上面少了两条update语句
这是因为先插入的是dept表获取到数据后再插入employee表,所以不需要再将数据进行修改
因此我们推荐使用第二种方法:先插入少的一方的表,再插入多的一方的表