【Mysql】Centos 7.9 安装与配置 Mysql 8.0

Rpm 方式安装

1、Rpm下载与版本选择地址：https://repo.mysql.com//

在本次安装中不需要从上面的地址下载，只需要查看并找到一个想要安装的 Mysql 版本，通过 yum localinstall 设置即可；

2、yum 安装：

如果 yum install 这一步特别慢，可以按如下方式操作：

进入 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages，查看当前下载的缓存文件：

cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages
ll
# -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49820920 Sep 25 04:58 mysql-community-client-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262189056 Dec 18 00:02 mysql-community-server-8.0.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

到 国内镜像网站下载对应版本的 mysql-community-client 和 mysql-community-server 文件，然后覆盖掉 yum 下的缓存文件，即通过 xftp 上传 两个文件到 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages

http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/

正常安装过程如下：

yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm

yum module disable mysql

yum -y update

yum -y install mysql-community-server

3、修改配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid


# Ezrealer set,email:Ezrealer@qq.com

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

#只能用IP地址检查客户端的登录，不用主机名
skip_name_resolve = 1

max_connections = 2000

default-time_zone='+8:00'

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 8G
thread_cache_size = 64
innodb_log_file_size = 2G

4、启动mysql 并修改密码

systemctl start mysqld.service  

systemctl status mysqld.service

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -uroot -p password

# 可选
set global validate_password_policy=0;

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'testmysql'；

5、设置远程连接权限

use mysql;

select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;

update user set host='%' where user='root';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

执行后用 navicat 连接发现报错：

1251-Client does not support authentication protocal requested by server ;consider upgrading mysql client

查找问题后发现：

MySQL8.0之前的版本密码加密规则：mysql_native_password，

MySQL8.0密码加密规则：caching_sha2_password

修改mysql加密规则

ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

 
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新的密码';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

再测试，登录成功！

mysql 修改密码：

当使用

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "new_password";

会报错 ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，意思是新设定的密码不满足当前的安全策略需求，此时我们现查看一下默认的安全策略：

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';


+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.check_user_name    | ON     |
| validate_password.dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password.length             | 8      |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password.number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password.policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+

validate_password.policy 是安全策略的等级，默认是 MEDIUM；

validate_password.length 是密码最短的长度；

此时我们可以调整密码的安全策略，如果想设置低于8位的密码，也可以调整最短密码长度：

set global validate_password.policy=LOW;
set global validate_password_length=6; 

然后就可以修改密码了！

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "new_password";