验证码识别是一个挑战性任务,常用于验证用户是否为人类。本文将详细介绍如何使用 Rust 语言从零开始实现验证码识别,包括环境设置、数据预处理、模型训练和预测。
环境设置
首先,需要安装 Rust 及其包管理工具 Cargo。我们将使用一些 Rust 包进行图像处理和机器学习。
在项目目录下创建 Cargo.toml 文件并添加以下依赖项:
toml
[package]
name = "captcha_recognition"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018"
[dependencies]
image = "0.23.14"
ndarray = "0.15.4"
ndarray-rand = "0.14.0"
ndarray-npy = "0.7.0"
rand = "0.8.5"
rust-numpy = "0.15.0"
数据预处理
假设我们有一个存放验证码图像及其标签的数据集。需要加载这些图像,并进行预处理如灰度化和尺寸调整。
首先,创建一个用于加载图像和标签的函数:
rust
use image::{open, DynamicImage, Luma};
use std::fs;
use std::path::Path;
fn load_captcha_data(path: &str) -> (Vec<DynamicImage>, Vec<String>) {
let mut images = Vec::new();
let mut labels = Vec::new();
for entry in fs::read_dir(path).unwrap() {
let entry = entry.unwrap();
let path = entry.path();
if path.is_file() {
let img = open(&path).unwrap().to_luma8();
images.push(DynamicImage::ImageLuma8(img));
labels.push(get_label_from_filename(&path));
}
}
(images, labels)
}
fn get_label_from_filename(path: &Path) -> String {
path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap().to_string()
}
数据集拆分 更多内容联系1436423940
将数据集拆分为训练集和测试集:
rust
use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
fn split_data(images: Vec<DynamicImage>, labels: Vec<String>, split_ratio: f64) -> (Vec<DynamicImage>, Vec<String>, Vec<DynamicImage>, Vec<String>) {
let mut indices: Vec<usize> = (0..images.len()).collect();
indices.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
let train_size = (split_ratio * images.len() as f64) as usize;
let train_images = indices[..train_size].iter().map(|&i| images[i].clone()).collect();
let train_labels = indices[..train_size].iter().map(|&i| labels[i].clone()).collect();
let test_images = indices[train_size..].iter().map(|&i| images[i].clone()).collect();
let test_labels = indices[train_size..].iter().map(|&i| labels[i].clone()).collect();
(train_images, train_labels, test_images, test_labels)
}
构建模型
由于 Rust 尚缺乏成熟的深度学习库,我们将借助 Python 和 Rust 的交互能力来调用 PyTorch 进行模型构建和训练。使用 rust-numpy 创建一个 Rust 和 Python 交互的桥梁。
use numpy::{PyArray2, IntoPyArray};
use pyo3::prelude::*;
fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
Python::with_gil(|py| {
let np = py.import("numpy")?;
let torch = py.import("torch")?;
// 示例:创建一个简单的 PyTorch 模型
let model_code = "
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class SimpleCNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(SimpleCNN, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=3)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=3)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(64*6*6, 128)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = F.relu(self.conv2(x))
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = x.view(-1, 64*6*6)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = self.fc2(x)
return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)
model = SimpleCNN()
";
py.run(model_code, None, None)?;
Ok(())
})
}
模型训练和评估
在 Python 中编写训练和评估代码,并在 Rust 中调用这些 Python 函数。
rust
fn train_and_evaluate() -> PyResult<()> {
Python::with_gil(|py| {
let train_code = "
import torch
import torch.optim as optim
def train(model, train_loader, epochs=10):
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters())
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
for data, target in train_loader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
print(f'Epoch {epoch+1}, Loss: {loss.item()}')
def evaluate(model, test_loader):
model.eval()
correct = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
output = model(data)
pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
accuracy = correct / len(test_loader.dataset)
print(f'Test Accuracy: {accuracy}')
";
py.run(train_code, None, None)?;
Ok(())
})
}
fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
train_and_evaluate()
}