42、Android Handler 学习

一、什么是handler

Handler 是可以 发送处理 Meaaage、关联Thread的MessageQueue对象。每个handler实例都关联着一个单独的线程 和这个Thread 的MessageQueue.
Handler将Message 和Runable传递到消息队列中，并将它们从消息队列中取出来进行处理

二、handler有什么用

• 发送、处理消息
• 线程切换

三、handler怎么使用

方式1、通过handler.sendMessage()

//定义一个Handler 静态内部类
public static class MyHandler extends Handler{
        //弱引用activity
        private WeakReference<HandlerActivity> mActivity;
        public MyHandler(HandlerActivity handlerActivity) {
            super();
            //弱引用activity
            mActivity =new WeakReference<HandlerActivity>(handlerActivity);
        }
        //handleMessage 运行在主线程 接收消息
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            HandlerActivity activity = mActivity.get();
            switch (msg.what){
                case 1:
                    Log.e("wd_handler","receive message!");
                    Long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
                    Log.e("wd_handler","receive message! threadId-->"+threadId);
                    activity.mPost.setText("receive");
                    default:
            }
        }
    }
    
// 2、发送消息
public void send(){
        Message message = mMyHandler.obtainMessage(1);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("name","xiaomi");
        message.setData(bundle);
        Log.e("wd_handler","send message!");
        mMyHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }
    
// 3、也可以在 子线程中发送消息
public void sendInThread(){
        //创建线程
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Message message = mMyHandler.obtainMessage(1);
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("name","xiaomi");
                message.setData(bundle);
                Log.e("wd_handler","send message in thread!");
                Long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
                Log.e("wd_handler","get message! threadId-->"+threadId);
                //在子线程中 发送消息
                mMyHandler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }).start();
    }

方式2、通过handler.post(Runnable)

public void post(){
        //创建一个线程
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //子线程
                Long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
                Log.e("wd_handler","post message! threadId-->"+threadId);
                //子线程中 post消息 至主线程
                mMyHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        //主线程
                        Long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
                        Log.e("wd_handler","get message! threadId-->"+threadId);
                        mPost.setText("呵呵");
                    }
                });
            }
        }).start();//开启线程
    }

// handle 发送消息到子线程
class LooperThread extends Thread {
        public Handler mHandler;

    public void run() {
          Looper.prepare();
  
            mHandler = new Handler() {
              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                   // process incoming messages here
                }
            };
 
            Looper.loop();
        }
   }

四、handler内部原理机制

从Handler的定义和使用中发现handler，有两个作用：

• 发送和处理消息
• 进行线程的调度

1）如何发送消息

1、无论是sendMessage() 还是post(Runable)方法都是调用sendMessageDelayed(Message msg,long delayMillis)

//post(Runnable)
 public final boolean post(Runnable r)
    {
       return  sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
    }

//sendMessage(Message msg)
 public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
    {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }

2、sendMessageDelayed 调用 sendMessageAtTime()

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
    {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

3、sendMessageAtTime

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

4、enqueueMessage()

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
	// msg.target = this;这句代码 是将message 和 Handler绑定 ，
	// 然后在通过
	// MessageQueue.enqueueMessage()将Message 发送到消息队列中。
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

msg.target = this;这句代码 是将message 和 Handler绑定 ，然后在通过MessageQueue.enqueueMessage()将Message 发送到消息队列中。

5、MessageQueue.enqueueMessage()

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
    ....
        for (;;) {
            prev = p;
            p = p.next;
            if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                break;
            }
            if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                needWake = false;
            }
        }
        msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
        prev.next = msg;
        }
    ...
    return true;
    }

2）如何取出消息

1、消息发送到MessageQueue 中 然后通过Looper.loop()方法取出。

public static void loop() {
        //1、通过ThreadLocal 获得当前线程的 looper
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        //2、通过Looper 获得当前Looper 对应的消息队列
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
        //3、for死循环，通过MessageQuene.next() 获得该消息队列中的Message
        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }
            //4、通过Message中绑定的target 获得Handler;然后调用dispatchMessage()方法。
            try {
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            } finally {
                if (traceTag != 0) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
                }
            }
            //5、回收消息
            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

2、handler的dispatchMessage() 方法回调 到handleCallback方法中

/**
     * Handle system messages here.
     */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

3）如何进行线程调度

以上的方法主要分析的是Message如何发送出去以及如何的分发处理，并未涉及的线程相关的分析。那么handler如何进行线程的切换呢？

//1、创建Handler时，获取当前线程的Looper()，例如 线程1
 Handler handler = new Handler();

 public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
       //通过 sThreadLocal 获得looper
        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        //判断当前线程是否配调用过Looper.prepare()
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        // 获得looper对应的队列
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }
//2、在线程2 中通过handler发送消息
public void sendInThread(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Message message = mMyHandler.obtainMessage(1);
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("name","xiaomi");
                message.setData(bundle);
                Log.e("wd_handler","send message in thread!");

                Long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();
                Log.e("wd_handler","get message! threadId-->"+threadId);
                mMyHandler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }).start();
    }

3、通过之前对Message发送过程的分析得知，

handler 发送消息（线程2操作）至 创建Handler线程（线程1）的MessageQueue 中，(因为handler创建的时候就初始化绑定了创建线程的looper)然后在经过(线程1)Looper ，轮询message.最后 handler再调用HandlerMessage方法。

4、发送消息的 线程2 通过Handler发送消息到 创建handler的 线程1！！！（必须调用Looper.prepare()方法！）