SQL Sever 入门,此SQL对应《数据库系统概论》

自己先建立了一个数据库School

create database School

然后创建表

下面的代码是我用SQLsever生成的SQL脚本

USE [School]
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Student]    Script Date: 10/06/2019 16:31:48 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student](
	[Sno] [char](9) NOT NULL,
	[Sname] [char](20) NULL,
	[Ssex] [char](2) NULL,
	[Sage] [smallint] NULL,
	[Sdept] [char](20) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[Sno] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY],
UNIQUE NONCLUSTERED 
(
	[Sname] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[SC]    Script Date: 10/06/2019 16:31:48 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SC](
	[Sno] [char](9) NOT NULL,
	[Cno] [char](4) NOT NULL,
	[Grade] [smallint] NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[Sno] ASC,
	[Cno] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
/****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Course]    Script Date: 10/06/2019 16:31:48 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Course](
	[Cno] [char](4) NOT NULL,
	[Cname] [char](40) NOT NULL,
	[CPno] [char](4) NULL,
	[Ccredit] [smallint] NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[Cno] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO

 

use School
select * from Student

Select * from Course

select * from SC

--查询全体学生的学号和姓名--
Select Sno,Sname 
from Student


--查询全体学生的姓名和出生年份--
select Sname,2019-Sage as 出生年份 
from Student

---查询全体学生的姓名,出生年份,和所在的院系,要求用小写字母表示院名--

select Sname,'出生年份' as 年份,2019-Sage as 出生年份,LOWER(Sdept) as 系别 
from Student;

--查询选修了课程的学生学号(distinct)去重复--

select distinct Sno 
from SC

--查询计算机科学系群体学生的名单--

select Sname 
from Student 
where Sdept ='计算机科学'


---查询所有年龄在20岁以下的学生姓名和年龄---

select Sname ,sage
from Student 
where Sage<20


---查询考试不合格的学生的学号--

select distinct Sno 
from SC 
where Grade<60

--查询年龄在20~23岁(包括20岁和23岁)之间的学生的姓名,系别和年龄--

select Sname ,Sdept ,Sage 
from Student 
where Sage between 20 and 23



--查询计算机系(CS),数学系(MA),和信息系(IS)
94页


2019-10-13更新 

数据库课程当堂测验

--编写SQL语句,查询系名为‘计算机科学’的同学的学号,姓名,课程名,成绩

use School

select  Student.Sno,Sname,Cname,Grade
from Student,SC,Course
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno AND Course.Cno=SC.Cno AND Sdept='计算机科学'

--编写SQL语句,查询此学号是2019002的同学年龄大一岁的同学的学号姓名和年龄

Select Sno ,Sname,Sage
from Student
where 
Sage =((select Sage from Student where Sno='2019002')+1)

--请用Sql语言检索至少选修了“学号为2019002的学生的选修的全部课程”的学生的学号和姓名


select distinct x.Sno, Sname from SC x,Student z where x.Sno=z.Sno and not exists(
select *from SC y  WHERE y.Sno='2019002' and  not exists(
select *from SC y1
where  y1.Sno=x.Sno and y1.Cno=y.Cno ) )


--检索选修课程在3门及以上的学生的系号,学号,姓名,最低分,最高分,平均分和所选课程总数,其结果要求按照系号,平均分排序

use School

Select Sdept,Student.Sno,Sname,min(Grade) as 最小值,max(grade) as 最大值,avg(grade) as 平均值,count(Grade) 课程总数
from student ,Sc
where Student.sno=SC.sno
group by Sdept,Student.Sno,Sname having COUNT(Student.Sno)>3
order by Sdept ,AVG(grade) desc

数据库晚上实验课练习

(数据库完整练习!)

create database MYDB
on (name = mydbdata, filename = 'e:\MyDB\MyDB.mdf ')
log on (name = mydblog, filename = 'e:\MyDB\MyDBlog.ldf ')

go

use mydb

create table Student
( Sno   char(9)   primary key,
  Sname char(20)  unique,
  Ssex  char(2),
  Sage  smallint,
  Sdept char(20) )

create table Course
( Cno    char(4)  primary key,
  Cname  char(20) not null,
  Cpno   char(4),
  Credit smallint,
  foreign key(Cpno) references Course(Cno))

create table SC
( Sno   char(9),
  Cno   char(4),
  Grade smallint,
  primary key(Sno,Cno),
  foreign key(Sno) references Student(Sno),
  foreign key(Cno) references Course(Cno))

go

insert into student values('1','李勇','男',20,'CS')
insert into student values('2','刘晨','女',19,'CS')
insert into student values('3','王敏','女',18,'MA')
insert into student values('4','张立','男',19,'IS')

insert into Course values('1','数据库',null,4)
insert into Course values('2','数学',null,2)
insert into Course values('3','信息系统',null,4)
insert into Course values('4','操作系统',null,3)
insert into Course values('5','数据结构',null,4)
insert into Course values('6','数据处理',null,2)
insert into Course values('7','C语言',null,4)

update Course set cpno = '5' where cno = '1'
update Course set cpno = '1' where cno = '3'
update Course set cpno = '6' where cno = '4'
update Course set cpno = '7' where cno = '5'
update Course set cpno = '6' where cno = '7'

insert into sc values('1','1',92)
insert into sc values('1','2',85)
insert into sc values('1','3',88)
insert into sc values('2','2',90)
insert into sc values('2','3',80)



--(1)求我校都哪些系招收学生了?
Select distinct Sdept from Student 

--(2)求哪些学生选修了课程?求出他(她)们的学号
Select distinct Student.Sno,Student.Sname,Course.Cname
from Student,Course,sc
where Student.Sno=Sc.Sno and SC.Cno=Course.Cno and Course.Cpno is not null

--(3)求哪些课程被学生选修了?求出它们的课程号。
select distinct Cno as 课程号 from SC

--(4)求我校所开设的全部课程的学分总和是多少?
Select SUM(Credit) as 学分总和 from Course

--(5)将CS系全体学生的数据生成一张新表
select * into newTable from Student where Sdept = 'CS'
  
--(6) 求没选修1号课学生的学号。
select distinct Student.Sno as 没选修1号课学生的学号
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno And Course.Cno=SC.Cno AND Student.Sno <> '1'

--(7) 求所有姓王的学生姓名及所在系。

Select distinct Sdept 
from Student 
Where Sname like '王%'

--(8) 求CS系有多少个学生。

select COUNT(*) as 学生人数 from Student where Sdept='CS' 

--(9) 求CS系年龄小于20的女同学都叫什么名。

Select Sname 
from Student 
where Sage<20 and Ssex='女' And Sdept='CS'

--辅助SQL
select * from Student

select * from Course

select * from SC
/*(1)求我校都哪些系招收学生了?
(2)求哪些学生选修了课程?求出他(她)们的学号。
(3)求哪些课程被学生选修了?求出它们的课程号。
(4)求我校所开设的全部课程的学分总和是多少?
(5) 将CS系全体学生的数据生成一张新表。
(6) 求没选修1号课学生的学号。
(7) 求所有姓王的学生姓名及所在系。
(8) 求CS系有多少个学生。
(9) 求CS系年龄小于20的女同学都叫什么名。
*/

10月21更新

 

第二次数据库上机实验

/*(1)查询全体学生的学号与姓名*/
select Sno ,Sname from Student
/*(2)查询学生表的全部属性数据*/
Select Student.Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage,Sdept,SC.Cno,SC.Grade,Cname,Cpno,Credit
 from Student,SC,Course
 where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Course.Cno = SC.Cno

/*(3)查询学校有哪些系*/

select distinct Sdept from student

/*(4)查询全体学生的姓名与出生年份*/
Select Sname,2019-Sage as 出生年份
from Student
/*查询我校都哪些系招收学生了?*/
Select distinct Sdept,sname From Student
where Sdept is not null

/*(6)查询哪些学生选修了课程,只要给出他(她)们的学号。*/

Select distinct Sno 
from SC
where  Cno is not null

/*(7)查询哪些课程被学生选修了?求出它们的课程号。*/

Select distinct SC.Cno 
from SC,Course,Student
where  SC.Cno=Course.Cno

/*(8)查询我校所开设的全部课程的学分总和是多少?*/

Select SUM(Credit) as 学分总和 from Course
/*(9)查询CS系全体学生的数据生成一张新表,表的名字叫“CSSTUDENT”。*/

select * into CSSTUDENT from Student where Sdept = 'CS'

/*(10)查询没选修1号课学生的学号。*/


select distinct Student.Sno as 没选修1号课学生的学号
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno And Course.Cno=SC.Cno AND Student.Sno <> '1'


/*(11)查询所有姓王的学生姓名及所在系。*/
 
Select distinct Sdept 
from Student 
Where Sname like '王%'
 
/*(12)查询CS系有多少个学生。*/
 
select COUNT(*) as 学生人数 from Student where Sdept='CS' 
 
/*(13)查询CS系年龄小于20的女同学都叫什么名。*/
 
Select Sname 
from Student 
where Sage<20 and Ssex='女' And Sdept='CS'

/*(14)查询不是CS系的学生姓名*/

Select Sname from Student where Sdept!='CS'

/*(15)查询所有缺考的学生学号及相应的课程号(缺考考生成绩是空)*/

select SC.Sno,Cno from SC where Grade is null


/*(16)查询所有有成绩的学生学号及相应的课程号*/

select distinct SC.Sno,Cno from Student,SC where Grade is not null


/*(17)查询CS系年龄在20岁(不含20)以下的学生的姓名。*/

select Sname 
from Student 
Where Sdept = 'CS' and Sage<20

/*(18)查询CS系和IS系全体学生的姓名及所在系*/

Select Sname,Sdept 
From Student
Where Sdept='CS' or Sdept='IS'

/*(19)查询不是CS系学生的姓名*/

Select Sname From Student
where Sdept !='CS'

/*查询年龄在20~23岁之间的学生的姓名及年龄*/
 select Sname,Sage from Student where Sage between 20 and 23

 插播更新

(1)查询年龄不在20~23岁之间的学生的姓名及年龄  
select sname,sage
from Student
where Sage not between 20 and 23

(2)查询CS系、MA系和IS系全体学生的姓名和性别  
select Sname,Sage
from Student
where Sdept='CS' or Sdept='MA' or Sdept='IS'

(3)查询既不是CS系、MA系,也不是IS系的学生姓名和性别。  
select Sname,Sage
from Student
where  Sdept!='CS' and Sdept!='MA' and Sdept!='IS'

 (4)查询所有姓刘的学生姓名  
select Sname 
from Student
where Sname like '刘%'

 (5)查询所有不姓刘的学生姓名  
select Sname 
from Student
where Sname not like '刘%'

 (6)查询所有姓刘的但姓名只有两个字的学生姓名。  
select Sname 
from Student
where Sname like '刘_'

 (7)查询所有姓刘、姓李和姓张的学生姓名 
select Sname 
from Student
where Sname like '[刘李张]%' 

 (8)查询不姓李、不姓张,但名叫海燕的学生姓名  
select Sname 
from Student
where Sname not like '[张李]%' and Sname ='海燕'

 (9)求哪些学生还没有被分配系?
Select Sname
from Student
where Sdept is null

 (10)求CS系中所有男同学的学生姓名和年龄。  
Select Sname,Sage
from Student
where Ssex='男' and Sdept='CS'

 (11)我校开设的课程中哪些课程名以“数据”两个字开头? 
Select Cname
from Course
where Cname like'数据%'

 (12)求哪些学生的姓名中第2个字是“立”? 
Select Sname
from Student
where Sname like '_立'

 (13)求哪些学生的成绩为优秀,求出该学生的学号及相应的课程号 
Select distinct Student.Sno,Course.Cno
from Student,Course,SC
where SC.Grade>90 and Student.Sno = SC.Sno and Course.Cno=SC .Cno

 (14)求既不是CS系,也不是MA系的学生中年龄不小于20的学生姓名  
select Sname
from Student
where Sdept != 'CS' and Sdept != 'MA' and Sage>=20

 (15)查询所有学生的姓名和年龄,要求按年龄由小到大排序(asc升序,desc降序) 
select Sname,Sage
from Student
order by
Sage asc

 (16)查询CS系的全体学生,要求按年龄升序排列,年龄相同的按姓名的降序排列
select Sname,Sage
from Student
order by
Sage desc

 (17)查询不及格的学生中成绩最低的学生学号  
SELECT min(Grade) AS 成绩,Cno AS 课程号 
FROM SC 
where Grade<60
GROUP BY Cno

 (18)求1号课程考试成绩前3名学生的学号  
select top 3 sno
from sc 
where cno='1' 
order by Grade desc

 (19)查询学生总人数  
select COUNT(Sno) as 总人数
from Student

 (20)查询选修了课程的学生总人数  
select COUNT(distinct Sno) as 选修了课程的学生总人数
from SC
where Cno is not NULL

 (21)计算选修1号课程的学生平均成绩  
select AVG(Grade) as 一号课程平均分
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=Course.Cno and SC.Cno='1'

 (22)求每门课程号及相应的选课人数  
select count(*) as 选课人数,SC.Cno
from SC
group by SC.Cno

 (23)求每门课程的课程号、选课人数及该课的平均成绩  
select count(*) as 选课人数,SC.Cno,AVG(Grade) as 平均成绩
from SC
group by SC.Cno

 (24)求每个学生的学号及其平均成绩  
select Sno,AVG(Grade) as 平均成绩
from SC
group by Sno

 (25)求平均成绩及格的学生学号及其平均成绩(where要在分组之前) 
select Sno,AVG(Grade) as 平均成绩
from SC
where Grade >60
group by Sno

 (26)求CS系中男女学生的数量分别是多少 
select Student.Ssex,COUNT(*)
from Student
group by Ssex

 (27)求各系中每个年龄的学生总人数,要求结果中对系进行排序,同一个系的按年龄排序。
select COUNT(Sage),Sage,Sdept
from Student
group by Sage,Sdept
order by Sdept desc

 (28)求选修了1号课程的学生姓名。  
select distinct Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where  Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno='1'

 (29)求选修了2号课程且成绩为优秀的所有学生学号和姓名  
select SC.Sno,Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno='2' and Grade>=90

 (30)求选修了数据库课程的学生学号和姓名。 
select distinct SC.Sno,Sname
from Student,SC,Course
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and Cname='数据库'

 (31)求李勇所选修的课程名及其成绩  
select Cname,Grade
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and Sname='李勇'

 (32)求不及格和缺考的学生所在系、学号、姓名及相应课程名
,要求查询结果按系排序,同一个系的按学号排序。  .................
use MYDB
select Student.Sno,Sname,Course.Cname,Sdept,Grade
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and SC.Grade<60
order by Sdept,Sno desc

 (33)求CS系不及格和缺考的学生学号、姓名及相应课程名,要求按学号排序。  
select Student.Sno,Sname,Cname
from Student,Course,SC
where  Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and SC.Grade<60 and Sdept='CS'
order by Sno ASC

 (34)求既不是CS系,也不是MA系缺考学生的学号、姓名及相应课程名  
select Student.Sno,Sname,Cname
from Student,Course,SC
where  Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and Sdept!='CS' and Sdept!='MA'

 (35)求选修数据库课程的学生平均成绩  
select AVG(Grade) as 平均分
from SC,Course
where SC.Cno=Course.Cno and Cname='数据库'

 (36)求每一门课程的学生平均成绩,要求输出课程名及对应的平均成绩
   ,并按平均成绩由大到小排序
Select Cname,avg(Grade)
From Course,SC
Where SC.Cno=Course.Cno
group by Cname
order by AVG(Grade) desc

 (37)求李勇所选修的总学分(即成绩及格的课程学分总和)。  
Select SUM(Grade) as 总学分
from SC,Student
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Sname='李勇' and Grade>60

 (38)求与李勇在同一个系的学生姓名。  
select Sno,Sname,Ssex,Sage
from Student
where Sdept in
(select Sdept from Student where Sname='李勇')
And Sname<> '李勇'

(39)求得每名学生的哪门课程成绩不小于其平均成绩。
select distinct Course.Cname from Course,SC
where Course.Cno = SC.Cno and exists
(select grade from SC 
group by Grade
having Grade>=AVG(Grade))

 (40)选修1号课程的学生姓名  
select Sname
from Student,Course,SC
where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and  SC.Cno=Course.Cno and SC.Cno='1'

 (41)没选修1号课程的学生姓名  
select Sname
from Student
where not exists (select * from SC where Student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno='1');

 (42)求选修了全部课程的学生姓名  
select Sname
from Student
where not exists
(select * from Course where not exists (select * from SC where Sno=Student.Sno and Cno=Course.Cno));
 

(43)至少选修了1号学生所选修全部课程的学生学号

select distinct sno 
from SC s
where not exists
(select * from SC c where Sno='1' and not exists
(select * from SC where s.Sno=Sno and c.Cno=Cno))

(43)至少选修了号学生所选修全部课程的学生学号

select distinct sno from SC scx
where not exists
	(select * from SC scy where scy.Sno='1' and	not exists
	(select * from SC scz where scx.sno = scz.Sno and scy.Cno=scz.Cno))

(44)查询其他系中比CS系某一学生年龄小的学生姓名和年龄
select Sname,Sno from Student
where Sage< any(select Sage from Student where Sdept='cs')
and Sdept<>'cs'

2019-11-13晚8:49更新

计算机学院403


insert into student(sno,sname,ssex,sage,sdept) values('8','张小飞', 'ab',199,'cs')
--当表中有违反此约束的数据时,此约束不能执行
alter table student add constraint c_age check(Sage > 0 and Sage < 100)
alter table student add constraint c_ssex check(ssex in ('男', '女'))

--不写默认为男
alter table student add constraint c_ssex_def default  '男'  for ssex

insert into student(sno,sname,sage,sdept) values('10','杨飞', 29,'cs')
select * from student where sno='10'
--删除约束
alter table student drop constraint  c_ssex
alter table student drop constraint  c_age
alter table student drop constraint	 c_ssex_def
/*
参照完整性违约处理有三种方式
拒绝执行no action、级联cascade和设置为空set null。
按照如下操作验证常用的 “级联”和“拒绝执行”操作

(1)删除成绩表sc, 建立下述表格sc2。
*/
create table sc2
( sno char(9),
  cno char(4),
  grade smallint,
  primary key(sno, cno),--设置主键sno和cno
  constraint fk_sno foreign key(sno)--外键约束sno依赖学生表的sno
     references student(sno)
  on delete cascade--删除的级联
     on update cascade,--更新时的级联
  constraint fk_cno foreign key(cno)--外键约束cno依赖于课程表的cno
     references course(cno)
     on delete no action--删除时,应先删除此表中的,然后再删除course表中的CNO
     on update cascade )--更新时的级联

--(2)录入数据
insert into sc2 values('1','1',92) 
insert into sc2 values('1','2',85) 
insert into sc2 values('1','3',88) 
insert into sc2 values('2','2',90) 
insert into sc2 values('2','3',80)
--(3)删除student 表中1号学生的记录,然后查看并记录SC2表中的记录变化情况,为什么只剩下2号学生的成绩了?

--级联了.
--  删除course表中2号课程的信息,系统允许删除么?分析其原因。

delete from Course where Cno='2'
--不允许删除,要先删除SC中与课程2有关的再删除2号课程

--  更新student 表中2号学生的学号为22,然后查看并记录SC2表中原来2号学生的成绩变化情况,并分析其原因。
update Student set Sno='22' where Sno='2'
--会一同更新因为建表时添加了( on update cascade )级联更新操作


/*
	1.6在触发器执行过程中,SQL Server自动建立和管理这两个临时的虚拟表这两个表的结构与激发触发器的更新操作的对象表结构一致
	这两个表的值包含了在激发触发器的更新操作中插入和删除的所有记录,这两个表可供用户查询
	可用这两个表在SQL命令与触发器之间传递数据。
*/
--给Student添加触发器:插入删除更新的时候触发
create trigger T1_S on student
for insert,delete,update
as begin
	select * from deleted
	select * from inserted
end
--(2) 执行如下数据更新操作,然后记录触发器输出的deleted表和inserted表的内容
insert into student values('17','刘德华','男',23,'CS')
update student set sage = 27 where sno = '17'
delete from student where sno = '17' 
update student set sage = 25--没有条件就都都改

/*
1.7将每个转系学生的原所在系信息记录到history_dept_info表中。
	该表需存储如下信息:学号、学生原所在系、学生转入系、转系时间。
	分析:
	触发条件:当对Student表中的Sdept属性进行update时触发。
	触发器动作:当Sdept属性修改前和修改后的值一起存入所建新表。

*/

--(1)首先,建立history_dept_info表:
create table history_dept_info
  ( id int primary key identity,
    sno char(9),
    old_dept char(20),
    new_dept char(20),
date datetime)

--(2)建立如下触发器
create trigger upd_sdept
on student /*创建针对学生表的触发器 */
for update /*当更新语句执行时触发器开始以下的工作 */
as begin
	if update(sdept) /*当我们用update更新sdept时*/
	begin
		declare @stu_sno char(9) /*声明一个变量,和这个变量的类型 */
		declare @o_dept char(20) /*声明一个变量,和这个变量的类型 */
		declare @n_dept char(20) /*声明一个变量,和这个变量的类型 */
		set @stu_sno = (select sno from deleted) /*将删除/更新的数据赋予这个变量 */
		set @o_dept = (select sdept from deleted)  /*将删除/更新的数据赋予这个变量 */
		set @n_dept = (select sdept from inserted)  /*将删除/更新的数据赋予这个变量 */
		insert into history_dept_info(sno, old_dept, new_dept, date) 
                        values(@stu_sno, @o_dept, @n_dept, getdate())/*再将更改的值插入到 history_dept_info这个表中*/
	end
end




 

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