ansible自动化运维(5)

##处理任务失败

通常playbook遇到错误会中止执行，但是有时我们想要失败时也继续执行

##忽略任务失败
关键字：ignore_errors
#举例
[root@workstationcode]#cat ignore.yml

---
- name: Test
  hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Install package
      yum:
        name: k8s
        state: latest
      ignore_errors: yes

#执行

[root@workstationcode]#ansible-playbook ignore.yml
...
TASK[Installpackage]*********************************************************
fatal:[servera.lab.example.com]:FAILED!=>{"changed":false,"failures":["No
packagek8savailable."],"msg":"Failedtoinstallsomeofthespecifiedpackages",
"rc":1,"results":[]}
...ignoring

##任务失败后强制执行处理程序
通常任务失败，play会中止，那么收到play中之前任务通知的处理程序将不会运行，如果要运
行，需要使用关键字：force_handlers： yes
#举例
[root@workstationcode]#cat force.yml

---
- hosts: webservers
  force_handlers: yes
  tasks:
    - name: always notify
      command: /bin/true
      notify: restart apache
    - name: Fail task
      yum:
        name: k8s
        state: latest
  handlers:
    - name: restart apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted

'处理程序会在任务报告changed结果时获得通知，ok或者failed都不会'
##指定任务失败条件
关键字：failed_when

tasks:
  - name: Run Script
    shell: /usr/local/bin/user.sh
    register: command_result
    failed_when: "'failure'incommand_result.stdout"

#fail模块可以实现此效果

tasks:
  - name: Run Script
    shell: /usr/local/bin/user.sh
    register:command_result
    ignore_error: yes
  - name: Report failure
    fail:
      msg: "Authenticationfailure"            #fail模块可以提供明确消息
    when: "'failure'incommand_result.stdout"

##指定任务何时报告"Changed"结果
关键字：changed_when

#
- name: get time
  shell: date
  changed_when: false

##ansible块和错误处理
三种关键字：

block：定义要运行的主要任务
rescue：定义要在block子句中定义的任务失败时运行的任务
always：定义时中独立运行的任务

#练习：
故意制造错误

[root@workstationcode]#cat error.yml

---
- name: Task Failure
  hosts: webservers
  vars:
    web_pkg: http
    db_pkg: mariadb-server
    db_service: mariadb
  tasks:
    - name: Install {
  { web_pkg }} packages
      yum:
        name: "{
  { web_pkg }}"
        state: present
    - name: Install {
  { db_pkg }} packages
      yum:
        name: "{
  { db_pkg }}"
        state: present

运行报错
[root@workstationcode]#ansible-playbook error.yml

...
TASK[Installhttppackages]***************************************************
fatal:[servera.lab.example.com]:FAILED!=>{"changed":false,"failures":["No
packagehttpavailable."],"msg":"Failedtoinstallsomeofthespecifiedpackages",
"rc":1,"results":[]}

第一个任务失败，第二个任务不运行
#添加忽略关键字
[root@workstationcode]#vim error.yml
...
13ignore_errors:yes

---
- name: Task Failure
  hosts: webservers
  vars:
    web_pkg: http
    db_pkg: mariadb-server
    db_service: mariadb
  tasks:
    - name: Install {
  { web_pkg }} packages
      yum:
        name: "{
  { web_pkg }}"
        state: present
      ignore_errors: yes
    - name: Install {
  { db_pkg }} packages
      yum:
        name: "{
  { db_pkg }}"
        state: present

#使用block、rescue、always将任务分开
[root@workstationcode]#cat error.yml

---
- name: Task Failure
  hosts: webservers
  vars:
    web_pkg: http
    db_pkg: mariadb-server
    db_service: mariadb
  tasks:
    - name: Setup Web