c++指针中const的用法总结

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int B1=1,B2=2,B3=3,B4=4,B5=5;
    int C = 100;
    const int CC = 1000;

    int *p;
    const int *A1 = &B1;        //const修饰A指向的对象B,A可变，A指向的对象B不可变
    int const *A2 = &B2;        //同上
    int * const A3 = &B3;       //const修饰指针A，A不可变，A指向的对象B可变。
    const int * const A4 = &B4; //指针A和A指向的对象B都不可变
    int const * const A5 = &B5; //同上

    /*
    int * const A3;// = &B3;       //const修饰指针A，A不可变，A指向的对象B可变。
    const int * const A4;// = &B4; //指针A和A指向的对象B都不可变
    int const * const A5;// = &B5; //同上

    A3 = &B3;       //const修饰指针A，A不可变，A指向的对象B可变。
    A4 = &B4; //指针A和A指向的对象B都不可变
    A5 = &B5; //同上
    */

    /*

    cout<<"样例1： +++++++++++++++++++修改指针+++++++++++++++++++"<<endl;
    A1 = &C;
    A2 = &C;
    //A3 = &C;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A3'
    //A4 = &C;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A4'
    //A5 = &C;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A5'

    cout<<"A1:"<<*A1<<endl;
    cout<<"A2:"<<*A2<<endl;
    cout<<"A3:"<<*A3<<endl;
    cout<<"A4:"<<*A4<<endl;
    cout<<"A5:"<<*A5<<endl;
    */
    /*
    cout<<"样例3： +++++++++++++++++++修改指针指向静态变量(关注指针p与A1,A2)+++++++++++++++++++"<<endl;
    //p = &CC; //error: invalid conversion from 'const int*' to 'int*'
    A1 = &CC;
    A2 = &CC;
    //A3 = &CC;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A3'
    //A4 = &CC;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A4'
    //A5 = &CC;   //error: assignment of read-only variable 'A5'

    cout<<"A1:"<<*A1<<endl;
    cout<<"A2:"<<*A2<<endl;
    cout<<"A3:"<<*A3<<endl;
    cout<<"A4:"<<*A4<<endl;
    cout<<"A5:"<<*A5<<endl;
    */
    /*
    cout<<"样例2： +++++++++++++++++++修改对象的值+++++++++++++++++++"<<endl;
    B1 = 101;
    B2 = 102;
    B3 = 103;
    B4 = 104;
    B5 = 105;

    cout<<"A1:"<<*A1<<endl;
    cout<<"A2:"<<*A2<<endl;
    cout<<"A3:"<<*A3<<endl;
    cout<<"A4:"<<*A4<<endl;
    cout<<"A5:"<<*A5<<endl;

    */

    cout<<"样例4： +++++++++++++++++++通过指针修改变量+++++++++++++++++++"<<endl;
    //*A1 = 111;//error: assignment of read-only location '* A1'|
    //*A2 = 112; //error: assignment of read-only location '* A2'|
    *A3 = 113;   //
    //*A4 = 114;   //error: assignment of read-only location '*(const int*)A4'|
    //*A5 = 115;   //error: assignment of read-only location '*(const int*)A5'|

    cout<<"A1:"<<*A1<<endl;
    cout<<"A2:"<<*A2<<endl;
    cout<<"A3:"<<*A3<<endl;
    cout<<"A4:"<<*A4<<endl;
    cout<<"A5:"<<*A5<<endl;


    return 0;
}

/*总结：
1. const与*的相对位置是十分关键的，而与数据类型（比如int）的相对位置无关。
2. const靠近（在*右侧）指针变量，则指针变量为只读指针，即指针的指向不可改变。
3. const远离（在*的左侧），则指针变量为指向只读变量的指针，即该指针可以只读变量。
4. 样例1,3的结果发现：A3,A4,A5是只读指针，即他们的指向是不可改变的，只能在定义时就要赋值,而且必须在定义时进行初始化，不然就会编译出错。
5. 样例3中对比指针p与指针A1,A2，我们发现，普通指针p是不能指向只读变量CC的，这就是A1,A2这一类指针的应用场景。
6. 样例2,4的结果发现，const*的指针指向的变量可以自己改变值，但不能通过指针进行修改变量的值。
6. 样例2的结果，我们发现，可以把带const的指针视作一种高级指针，可以用它们指向普通变量。
*/