一、概述
Maven 的主要目的是为开发者提供
● 一个可复用、可维护、更易理解的工程综合模型
● 与这个模型交互的插件或者工具
Maven 能够帮助开发者完成以下工作:
● 构建
● 文档生成
● 报告
● 依赖
● SCMs
● 发布
● 分发
● 邮件列表
Maven 工程结构和内容被定义在一个 xml 文件中 - pom.xml,是 Project Object Model (POM) 的简称,此文件是整个 Maven 系统的基础组件
二、安装
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/maven/environment-setup.html
三、POM
POM 代表工程对象模型。它是使用 Maven 工作时的基本组建,是一个 xml 文件。它被放在工程根目录下,文件命名为 pom.xml。POM 包含了关于工程和各种配置细节的信息,Maven 使用这些信息构建工程。
在创建 POM 之前,我们首先确定工程组(groupId),及其名称(artifactId)和版本,在仓库中这些属性是工程的唯一标识。这些可以在仓库repository中查看到相关信息
下面以java EE的常见 pom.xml为例:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>crazyfzw</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvc-demo</name>
<description>springmvc-demo</description>
<!-- 集中定义依赖版本号 -->
<properties>
<junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
<spring.version>4.3.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<jackson.version>2.8.5</jackson.version>
<mapper.version>2.3.4</mapper.version>
<commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version>
<commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
<redis.version>2.9.0</redis.version>
<spring-data-redis.version>1.7.5.RELEASE</spring-data-redis.version>
<jxls-core.version>1.0.6</jxls-core.version>
<poi.version>3.15</poi.version>
<mchange-commons-java.version>0.2.12</mchange-commons-java.version>
<hibernate.version>4.3.9.Final</hibernate.version>
<quartz.version>2.2.3</quartz.version>
<fastjson.version>1.2.22</fastjson.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet-api.version>2.5</servlet-api.version>
<jsp-api.version>2.0</jsp-api.version>
<p6spy.version>2.1.4</p6spy.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>${fastjson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson Json处理工具包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<!-- 通用Mapper -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.abel533</groupId>
<artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
<version>${mapper.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- apache-velocity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
<artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
<version>1.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--c3p0工具包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>mchange-commons-java</artifactId>
<version>${mchange-commons-java.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache工具组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.8.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- POI -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>${poi.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>${poi.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId>
<version>${poi.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jslx -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.jxls</groupId>
<artifactId>jxls-core</artifactId>
<version>${jxls-core.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jxl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.jexcelapi</groupId>
<artifactId>jxl</artifactId>
<version>2.6.12</version>
</dependency>
<!-- quartz -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>${quartz.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>opensymphony</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz-all</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>p6spy</groupId>
<artifactId>p6spy</artifactId>
<version>${p6spy.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- ehcache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
<artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId>
<version>14.0.2.0.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- redis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>${redis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>${spring-data-redis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbox使用jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.18.2-GA</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jline</groupId>
<artifactId>jline</artifactId>
<version>0.9.94</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.101tec</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/joda-time/joda-time -->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>resource</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<configuration>
<warSourceDirectory>WebRoot</warSourceDirectory>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
三、仓库:
1) 本地仓库
Maven 本地仓库是机器上的一个文件夹。它在你第一次运行任何 maven 命令的时候创建。
Maven 本地仓库保存你的工程的所有依赖(library jar、plugin jar 等)。当你运行一次 Maven 构建,Maven 会自动下载所有依赖的 jar 文件到本地仓库中。它避免了每次构建时都引用存放在远程机器上的依赖文件。
可以在maven安装地址的conf/settings.xml 指定本地仓库的路径
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<localRepository>E:/myLocalRepository</localRepository>
</settings>
2)中央仓库
http://mvnrepository.com/
https://search.maven.org/
3)远程仓库
可以在私有服务器上搭建自己的maven仓库,外网的内网的都可以。eg:
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>companyname.lib1</id>
<url>http://download.companyname.org/maven2/lib1</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>companyname.lib2</id>
<url>http://172.16.176.234/maven2/lib2</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
Maven 依赖搜索顺序
步骤1:在本地仓库找
步骤2:若本地仓库没找到则去中央仓库找,找到则下载到本地仓库,留着日后备用
步骤3:若中央仓库没找到,则会检查时候有设置远程仓库,若有,则会在远程仓库中查找并下载到本地仓库备用。若没设置远程仓库或者在远程仓库中也无法找到,则会抛出错误(无法找到依赖的文件)
针对这种情况,可以通过构建外部依赖的方法解决。
四、构建外部依赖
把jar包文件并放到工程lib下,然后在pom.xml中添加依赖,eg:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.companyname.bank</groupId>
<artifactId>consumerBanking</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>consumerBanking</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>ldapjdk</groupId>
<artifactId>ldapjdk</artifactId>
<scope>system</scope>
<version>1.0</version>
<systemPath>${basedir}\src\lib\ldapjdk.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
五、依赖管理(Maven的核心特点之一)
当一个库 A 依赖于其他库 B. 另一工程 C 想要使用库 A, 那么该工程同样也需要使用到库 B。
使用maven,我们只需要在每个工程的 pom 文件里去定义直接的依赖关系。Maven 则会自动的来接管后续的工作。比如我们在pom.xml中定义了依赖jar包A,那么A所依赖的其他jar包,会被自动下载,不需要我们去定义。是不是很省事?
本文只是初步介绍了下maven 的使用,主要是在maven管理jar包,pom.xml文件的配置方面。还没涉及到maven在项目管理以及自动化构建方面。可参考下面链接拓展学习。
转载请注明出处: http://blog.csdn.net/FZW_Faith/article/details/54728943