Android用户界面之常用控件ListView 详解加优化

了解完ListView的基础属性之后，接下来介绍下用法，使用ListView必须要有一个适配器，适配器又分为：

Adapter ：

ArrayAdapter<T>	用来绑定一个数组，支持泛型操作
SimpleAdapter	用来绑定在xml中定义的控件对应的数据
SimpleCursorAdapter	用来绑定游标得到的数据
BaseAdapter	通用的基础适配器

BaseAdapter的使用方法：

首先在布局文件中申请个ListView

<ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_contacrts"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         >
 </ListView>

ListView都需要一个适配器，所以在定义一个类继承BaseAdapter，方便在主Activity中调用，

package com.example.listviewdemo;

import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;

public class ContactsAdapter extends BaseAdapter{

</pre><pre name="code" class="html"><span style="white-space:pre">	private List<People> peopleList = new ArrayList<People>();</span>

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>

<span style="white-space:pre">	People people01 = new People(1, R.drawable.image_00, "</span>小白<span style="white-space:pre">", "0000000000000001");
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>People people02 = new People(2, R.drawable.image_01, "</span>小红<span style="white-space:pre">", "0000000000000002");
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>People people03 = new People(3, R.drawable.image_02, "</span>小黑<span style="white-space:pre">", "0000000000000003");</span>

<span style="white-space:pre">	peopleList .add(people01);
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>peopleList .add(people02);
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>peopleList .add(people03);</span>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//ListView子项集合的大小
	@Override
	public int getCount() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return peopleList.size();
	}
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ListView子项的位置</span>
	@Override
	public Object getItem(int position) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return peopleList.get(position);
	}
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ListView子项位置的Id</span>
	@Override
	public long getItemId(int position) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return peopleList.get(position).getId();
	}
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>//ListView子项返回 View
	@Override
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		<span style="color:#ff0000;">// ListView的优化，注意优化，不然加载大量图片信息的时候，系统承受不了。</span>
		View view = converView;
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>ViewHolder vh = null;
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>//如果回收机制中没有可利用的View，在创建新的View
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>if(view == null){

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>//导入自定义子项的布局文件
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>view = LayoutInflater.from(ListViewDemoActivity.this). inflate(R.layout.contacts_view, null);

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>//实例化布局文件的控件
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.ivAvatar = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_avatar);
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.tvName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.tvNumber = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_number);
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>view.setTag(vh);
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}else{

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>//回收机制中有可利用的View,则拿过来重复利用，不在创建新的View.
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>People people = peopleList.get(position);
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>if(people != null){
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.ivAvatar.setImageResource(people.getAvatarId());
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.tvName.setText(people.getName());
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>vh.tvNumber.setText(people.getPhoneNumber());
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>return view;
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>//将布局文件中使用到的对象封装到一个类中，方便调用。
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>private class ViewHolder{
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>ImageView ivAvatar;
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>TextView tvName;
<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>TextView tvNumber;
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}
	}
	
}

子项的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
    android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
    android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
    android:layout_marginRight="16dp"
     >
    <ImageView 
        android:id="@+id/iv_avatar"
        android:layout_width="48dp"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:background="#d7d7d7"
        />
    <TextView 
        android:id="@+id/tv_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/iv_avatar"
        android:layout_alignTop="@+id/iv_avatar"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        />
    <TextView 
        android:id="@+id/iv_number"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@+id/tv_name"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/iv_avatar"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        />
</RelativeLayout>

People类：

package com.example.listviewoptimize;

public class People {
	private long id;
	private int avatarId;
	private String name;
	private String phoneNumber;

	public People(long id,int avatarId,String name,String phoneNumber){
		this.id = id;
		this.avatarId = avatarId;
		this.name = name ;
		this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
	}
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public int getAvatarId() {
		return avatarId;
	}
	public void setAvatarId(int avatarId) {
		this.avatarId = avatarId;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPhoneNumber() {
		return phoneNumber;
	}
	public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
		this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
	}

}

适配器定好之后，只要在主Activity中调用就可以实现ListView的功能了

lvContacts = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_list_view);
mAdapter = new <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ContactsAdapter</span>();
lvContacts.setAdapter(mAdapter);