数据查询与检索是Hibernate中的一个亮点。相对其他ORM实现而言,Hibernate提供了灵活多样的查询机制。
Hibernate语言查询( Hibernate Query Language,HQL) :它是完全面向对象的查询语句,查询功能非常强大,具备继承、多态和关联等特性 。Hibernate官方推荐使用HQL进行查询。
- Hibernate查询语言(HQL)是面向对象的查询语言,其结构与SQL查询相似,不同的是,HQL查询的主体是持久化类而不是数据表。
- HQL提供了一种应用和数据库之间的抽象,提高了可移植性。
- HQL子句本身大小写无关,但是其中出现的类名和属性名必须注意大小写。
然后去实现单例Session Factory
然后开始写测试类(简单查询)package com.DAO;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.domainModel.User;
public class testSaveUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory sf=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session s=SessionUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction=s.beginTransaction();
//简单查询
String hql = "from User";
Query<User> query = s.createQuery(hql, User.class);
List<User> list = query.getResultList();
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
} transaction.commit();
}
}
(属性查询)
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.domainModel.User;
public class testSaveUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory sf=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session s=SessionUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction=s.beginTransaction();
//属性查询
String hql = "from User where username=:username";
Query<User> query = s.createQuery(hql, User.class);
query.setParameter("username", "老范");
List<User> list = query.getResultList();
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
transaction.commit();
}
}
(实例化查询)
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.domainModel.User;
public class testSaveUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory sf=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session s=SessionUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction=s.beginTransaction();
//实例化查询
String hql = "select new User(u.username,u.age) from User as u";
Query<User> query = s.createQuery(hql, User.class);
List<User> list = query.getResultList();
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
transaction.commit();
}
}
这个需要注意的是,实体类中必须有相应的构构造函数
public User(String username,int age)
{
super();
this.username=username;
this.age=age;
}
如果没有的话就会出现这种情况
(统计查询 )
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.domainModel.User;
public class testSaveUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory sf=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session s=SessionUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction=s.beginTransaction();
//统计查询
Query query = s.createQuery("select count(*) from User");
Object count = (Object)query.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("共有"+count+"条记录");
Query query = s.createQuery("select avg(u.age) from User u");
//Object average =(Object)query.uniqueResult();
Number average =(Number)query.uniqueResult();
System.out.println("平均年龄为:"+average);
transaction.commit();
}
}
(子查询)
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import com.domainModel.User;
public class testSaveUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SessionFactory sf=HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
Session s=SessionUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction=s.beginTransaction();
//子查询
Query query = s.createQuery("from User u where u.age>(select avg(age) from User)");
List users = query.list();
for(int i=0;i<users.size();i++)
{
User user = new User();
user =(User)users.get(i);
System.out.println(i+"--姓名:"+user.getUsername()+"--年龄"+user.getAge());
}
transaction.commit();
}
}