目录
第2条:遇到多个构造器参数时要考虑用构建器(builder模式)
第1条:考虑用静态工厂方法代替构造器
第2条:遇到多个构造器参数时要考虑用构建器(builder模式)
public class NutritionFacts {
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
private final int calories;
private final int fat;
private final int sodium;
private final int carbohydrate;
public static class Builder {
/** 必要参数 */
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
/** 可选参数 - 初始化默认值 */
private int calories = 0;
private int fat = 0;
private int sodium = 0;
private int carbohydrate = 0;
/** Builder的构造器中传入必要参数 */
public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
this.servingSize = servingSize;
this.servings = servings;
}
public Builder calories(int calories) {
this.calories = calories;
return this;
}
public Builder fat(int fat) {
this.fat = fat;
return this;
}
public Builder sodium(int sodium) {
this.sodium = sodium;
return this;
}
public Builder carbohydrate(int carbohydrate) {
this.carbohydrate = carbohydrate;
return this;
}
public NutritionFacts build() {
return new NutritionFacts(this);
}
}
private NutritionFacts(Builder builder) {
this.servingSize = builder.servingSize;
this.servings = builder.servings;
this.calories = builder.calories;
this.fat = builder.fat;
this.sodium = builder.sodium;
this.carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
}
}
第3条:用私有构造器或者枚举类型强化Singleton属性
单例,方式一
public class Elvis {
public static final Elvis INSTANCE = new Elvis();
private Elvis() {
}
public void otherMethod() {
}
}
单例,方式二
public class Elvis {
private static final Elvis INSTANCE = new Elvis();
private Elvis() {
}
public static Elvis getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
public void otherMethod() {
}
}
对于以上两种传统的单例写法存在的一个问题是一旦你实现了序列化接口(implements Serializable),它们不再保持单例了,因为readObject()方法一直返回一个新的对象就像java的构造方法一样(每次反序列化一个序列化的实例时,都会创建一个新的实例),你可以通过使用readResolve()方法来避免此事发生:
private Object readResolve() {
return INSTANCE;
}
以上两种方式无法防止反射攻击,除非修改构造器,在构造器第二次被调用时候抛出异常。
单例,方式3(枚举)
枚举方式功能完整、使用简洁、无偿地提供了序列化机制、在面对复杂的序列化或者反射攻击时仍然可以绝对防止多次实例化
public enum Elvis {
INSTANCE;
private Elvis() {
};
public void otherMethod() {
}
}
public enum Elvis {
INSTANCE;
private Elvis() {
System.out.println("init");
};
public void otherMethod() {
System.out.println("...");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Elvis elvis1 = Elvis.INSTANCE;
Elvis elvis2 = Elvis.INSTANCE;
elvis1.otherMethod();;
elvis2.otherMethod();
}
}
/**
* 输出:
* init
* ...
* ...
*/
// todo 序列化 implements Serializable 、 readResolve()
https://blog.csdn.net/gavin_dyson/article/details/70832185
https://www.cnblogs.com/linjiaxin/p/7923135.html
第4条:通过私有构造器强化不可实例化的能力