JNI --- AS，CMake的简单使用，DEMO

【记录】需要完成一些NDK的简单开发工作，平时不常接触这部分知识，记录下CMAKE的简单使用和JNI的基础

1. 配置

AS的2.2及以上版本可以使用CMAKE，相对于之前使用ndk-build，要简单很多。

1）下载NDK，设置gradle

可以通过AS下载CMake，LLDB以及NDK

 NDK也可以自己从官网下载，然后在local.properties文件中设置ndk的路径，例如

ndk.dir=D\:\\ndk\\android-ndk-r16b

2）创建新项目

在创建项目的向导中，我们可以选择支持c++的选项。在后面的编译中就会，项目会生成对应的CMakeLists.txt配置模块gradle文件并生成一个示例的native-lib.cpp文件和对应的MainActivity（其中声明了native方法）。

//模块的gradle文件
android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.hik.face.sdk"
        minSdkVersion 19
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        //cmake相关
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                cppFlags ""
            }
        }
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    //cmake相关
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            path "CMakeLists.txt"
        }
    }
}

 借用下别人的图，生成的native-lib.cpp

//MainActivity.java

// Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Example of a call to a native method
        TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sample_text);
        tv.setText(stringFromJNI());
    }

    /**
     * A native method that is implemented by the 'native-lib' native library,
     * which is packaged with this application.
     */
    public native String stringFromJNI();

 到这里，就可以跑起来一个简单的demo了。但是实际开发中，库的名字，文件名等内容，都需要修改，或者会创建新的文件，生成新的库。

2. DEMO

默认生成的cmakelists.txt文件中的内容

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

# 配置so库信息
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
            # 生成的so库名称，此处生成的so文件名称是libnative-lib.so
             native-lib

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             # STATIC：静态库，是目标文件的归档文件，在链接其它目标的时候使用
             # SHARED：动态库，会被动态链接，在运行时被加载
             # MODULE：模块库，是不会被链接到其它目标中的插件，但是可能会在运行时使用dlopen-系列的函数动态链接
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             # 资源文件，可以多个，
             # 资源路径是相对路径，相对于本CMakeLists.txt所在目录
             src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

# 从系统查找依赖库
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              # android系统每个类型的库会存放一个特定的位置，而log库存放在log-lib中
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              # android系统在c环境下打log到logcat的库
              log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

# 配置库的链接（依赖关系）
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.

                       # 目标库
                       native-lib

                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                       # 依赖于
                       ${log-lib} )

如果我们要创建新的文件，可以参照上面的再配置下（这里把native-lib.cpp删了，相关的配置也删除）

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

 add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
              # 新的库名字叫detect
              detect

              # Sets the library as a shared library.
              # 还是共享库
              SHARED

              # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
              # 关联路径下的detect.cpp文件
              src/main/cpp/detect.cpp )

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

# 这里没变，还是使用log-lib作为log的名称
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

# 为了后面detect库打日志，这里也关联上
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                      detect

                      # Links the target library to the log library
                      # included in the NDK.
                      ${log-lib} )

创建Detect.java文件，生命native方法

public class Detect {
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("detect");
    }

    public native String getStrContent();
}

然后在cpp下创建detect.cpp文件。这里如果通过alt+enter提示的方式生成对应的代码，as会在/main/jni下面生成一个.c文件，那么就和上面修改的配置不相符了。这里可以选择手动生成文件写代码，或者修改上面的cmake配置后，通过alt+enter的方式生成方法。

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring

JNICALL
//com_xxx_xxx_xxx是包名，Detect是Java类名，getStrContent是方法名
Java_com_xxx_xxx_xxx_Detect_getStrContent(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "Hello from myc++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

 最后，稍微修改下MainActivity就可以运行了

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Detect detector = new Detect();
        // Example of a call to a native method
        TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.sample_text);
        tv.setText(detector.getStrContent());

    }

这只是非常简单的demo，不能满足真正的需求，边学习便补充。

参考

https://blog.csdn.net/quwei3930921/article/details/78820991

https://developer.android.google.cn/studio/projects/add-native-code