用centos 6.5举个栗子
1: ip的设置
2:主机名的设置
临时设置,重启后失效
[root@hadoop01 ~]# hostname hadoop01
[root@hadoop01 ~]# hostname
hadoop01
永久设置,重启后生效
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
HOSTNAME=hadoop01
3:hosts文件的修改(ip和主机名的映射关系)
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.228.172 hadoop01 #文件中添加
4:关闭防火墙
[root@hadoop01 ~]# service iptables status #查看防火墙状态
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@hadoop01 ~]# service iptables stop #临时关闭防火墙,不同版本命令不同
[root@hadoop01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off #永久关闭防火墙
5:ssh免密码登录
#ip与host的映射关系
[root@hadoop01 ~]# more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.228.100 hadoop01
#生成秘钥对,一路回车到命令行出现
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
19:5b:72:73:8d:ef:c5:aa:cb:fb:16:b2:b0:6e:cb:3a root@hadoop01
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
| o |
| o + o . |
| B o . . |
| S . o|
| . ...o |
| o oo. |
| E.o.... |
| .=+.==. |
+-----------------+
#向本机复制公钥 (秘钥生成默认在家目录下)
[root@hadoop01 ~]# cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
#验证ssh免登陆是否成功(不需要输入密码)
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ssh hadoop01
Last login: Sun Jun 7 12:10:54 2020 from hadoop01
6:JDK的安装(jdk1.8)
使用ftp工具将jdk的压缩包上传至虚拟机
#解压jdk安装包
[root@hadoop01 home]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar.gz
#重命名jdk(简洁)
[root@hadoop01 home]# mv jdk1.8.0_181/ jdk1.8
#配置环境变量
[root@hadoop01 ~]# vi /etc/profile
#在profile内末尾添加下列语句
export JAVA_HOME=/home/jdk1.8
export HADOOP_HOME=/data/soft/hadoop-3.2.0
export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH #'$'引用变量
#刷新配置
[root@hadoop01 ~]# source /etc/profile
#查看Java版本信息,出现以下信息表示配置完成
[root@hadoop01 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_181"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)