网络编程之TCP和UDP

网络编程的目的:无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
网络通信的要素:ip,端口,网络通信协议(tcp,udp)
网络编程中有两个主要的问题:1:如何准确的定位到网络中的一台或者多台主机 2:找到主机之后如何进行通信

TCP:用户传输协议
UDP:用户数据报协议

TCP UDP对比:
TCP:打电话
优点:连接,稳定
三次握手(建立连接) 四次挥手(断开连接)
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场! (电话接通)

四次挥手:
A:我要走了! (准备挂电话)
B:你真的要走了吗?
A:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的真的要走了! (电话挂断)

客户端, 服务端
传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:发短信
不连接,不稳定
客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…(导弹)
DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)

TCP实现聊天:

package net;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址, 端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3.发送消息 IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好,欢迎学习java".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//服务端
package net;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocket;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1. 我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true){ //循环监听客户端的消息
                //2. 等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();

                //管道流(防止乱码)
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if(baos != null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

UDP:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址

package net.udp;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建个包
        String msg = "你好啊, 服务器!";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;

        //数据, 数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}

package net.udp;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0 ,packet.getLength()));

        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP多线程在线咨询(实现聊天):

package net.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort){
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if(data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package net.chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom){
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞时接收包裹

                //断开连接 bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
                if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package net.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start(); //发送给9999端口
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
    }
}

package net.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start(); //发送给8888端口
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
    }
}