java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot call sendRedirect() after the response has been committed

public class loginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String vCode = request.getParameter("verifycode");
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String checkCode = (String) session.getAttribute("checkCode");
        //确保验证码一次性
        session.removeAttribute("checkCode");
        if (vCode == null || !vCode.equalsIgnoreCase(checkCode)) {
            request.setAttribute(" login_error", "验证码错误");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
            return;
        }
        Map<String, String[]> parMap = request.getParameterMap();
        User user = new User();
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, parMap);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        UserServiceImpl userService = new UserServiceImpl();
        User login = userService.login(user);
        if (login == null) {
            request.setAttribute("login_error", "用户名或密码错误");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        } else {
            session.setAttribute("user", login);
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}

一定要在第一个请求转发后添加return;否则还会继续执行后面的代码导致报错

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot call sendRedirect() after the response has been committed

该异常表示，当前对客户端的响应已经结束，不能在响应已经结束（或说消亡）后再向 客户端（实际上是缓冲区）输出任何内容。

【注意】能够导致响应已经committed的操作包括：forward, redirect, flushBuffer。

因为只允许请求转发或者重定向一次，如果说第一个请求转发执行了，而后又符合条件继续执行了请求转发或重定向，就会出错，所以要在第一个return，或者在有多个redirect，forward的最后一个前都添加return;