JWeb之Response

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-03 07:15:00 发布

Hwweic

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-03 07:15:00 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： Response JWeb 文件下载

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/FloatDreamed/article/details/97106116

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在Servlet API中，定义了一个HttpServletResponse接口

它继承自ServletResponse接口

它专门用来封装HTTP响应消息

下面会针对Response的常用方法进行介绍!

一.响应状态码相关方法

1.setStatus(int status)方法:设置状态码

***正常情况下，Web服务器会默认产生一个状态码为200的状态行

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/status")
public class StatusServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置状态码为404
        resp.setStatus(404);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/status

前端响应结果如下:

这种设置状态码的方式设置404,并不会导致浏览器报出404页面

2.sendError(XX)方法

① sendError(int code):设置错误状态码

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/status")
public class StatusServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置错误状态码404
        resp.sendError(404);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/status

前端响应结果如下:

②sendError(int code, String message):设置错误状态码和错误信息

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/status")
public class StatusServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置错误状态码404,以及错误信息
        resp.sendError(404,"找寻资源失败!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/status

前端响应结果如下:

二.响应消息头相关方法

1.AddXxx(String name,Xxx xxx):设置响应头字段

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/header")
public class HeaderServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.addHeader("Who","Guess");
        resp.addIntHeader("Quantity",200);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/header

前端响应展示:

2.setXxx(String name,Xxx xx):修改响应头同名字段的值

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/header")
public class HeaderServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.addHeader("Who","Guess");
        resp.addIntHeader("Quantity",200);
        resp.setHeader("Who","Howie");
        resp.setIntHeader("Quantity",100);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/header

前端响应展示:

3.setContentLength(int len):设置响应消息的实体内容的大小，单位为字节

参考地址

三.设置响应编码格式

1.void setContentType(String type):

设置Servlet输出内容的MIME类型，对于HTTP协议来说，就是设置Content-Type响应头字段的值

如果发送到客户端的内容是jpeg格式的图像数据，就需要将响应头字段的类型设置为“image/jpeg”
如果响应的内容为文本，setContentType()方法的还可以设置字符编码，如：text/html;charset=UTF-8

2.void setCharacterEncoding(String charset)

设置输出内容使用的字符编码，对HTTP 协议来说，就是设置Content-Type头字段中的字符集编码

(一般不使用)

下面单介绍setContentType(String type)!

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 10:45
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/ce")
public class CharacterEncodingServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//       resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/ce

前端响应展示:

四.响应消息体相关方法

1.getOutputStream()方法

获得字节流，通过该字节流的write(byte[] bytes)可以向response缓冲区中写入字节
再由Tomcat服务器将字节内容组成Http响应返回给浏览器
获取的字节输出流对象为ServletOutputStream类型,ServletOutputStream是OutputStream的子类
用于输出二进制格式的响应正文

测试前准备:web目录下增加图片(/img/bhbl.jpg)

演示代码如下:

package controller;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/23 18:29
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/img")
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //输出二进制格式的响应正文前需要先获取字节输出流
        OutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //获取Servlet上下文引用
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        //获取文件的绝对路径
        String realPath = context.getRealPath("/img/bhbl.jpg");
        //创建输入流读取图片文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[200*1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len=fis.read(bytes))!=-1){
            os.write(bytes);
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/img

前端界面响应如下:

2.getWriter()方法

获取的字符输出流对象为PrintWriter类型
用于输出字符格式的文本文件

测试前准备:web目录下增加txt文件

package controller;

import utils.FileUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 16:34
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/text")
public class TextServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应体编码格式
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //输文本格式的响应正文前需要先获取字符输出流
        PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
        //获取Servlet上下文引用
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        //获取文件的绝对路径
        String realPath = context.getRealPath("/text/noodle.txt");
        //创建字符输入流读取文件内容
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),FileUtils.getCharset(realPath));
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        String lineStr = "";
        while ((lineStr = br.readLine())!=null){
            System.out.println(lineStr);
            pw.write(lineStr);
            pw.println("<br/>");
        }
        isr.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/text

前端展示效果:

期间遇到了txt文件的编码非UTF-8而导致前端显示的文字为乱码

后来新增加了FileUtils类用于获取txt文本文件的编码格式,以便于在输入流中动态进行编码格式处理

关于FileUtils以后再详说!

五.中文文件下载

在学习文件下载的过程中遇到的问题就是,如果文件名称为中文,附件界面文件名称是显示不出来的

下面主要解决这个问题

测试前准备:web目录下增加相关资源文件

package controller;

import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/24 22:11
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/download")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取文件名
        String filename=req.getParameter("name");
        //获取HTTP的请求头,键对应的值,是浏览器的名字
        String agent = req.getHeader("User-Agent");
        //附件名称,并赋默认值
        String attachFileName = "unknown";
        if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
            // IE浏览器
            attachFileName = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
            attachFileName = attachFileName.replace("+", " ");
        } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            // 火狐浏览器
            BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
            attachFileName = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
        } else {
            // 其它浏览器
            attachFileName = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
        }
        //通知前端附件名称
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+attachFileName);
        //读取服务器中该文件
        OutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        //获取文件的路径
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        String realPath = context.getRealPath("/resource/" + filename);
        //获取输入流,读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[200*1024];
        int len =0;
        while ((len = fis.read(bytes))!=-1){
            os.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

前端页面:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: WHW
  Date: 2019/7/23
  Time: 18:27
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>$Title$</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <fieldset>
      <a href="http://localhost:8080/rr/download?name=巴霍巴利王.jpg">巴霍巴利王.jpg</a><br>
    </fieldset>
    <fieldset>
      <a href="http://localhost:8080/rr/download?name=相亲相爱一家人.mp3">相亲相爱一家人.mp3</a><br>
    </fieldset>
    <fieldset>
      <a href="http://localhost:8080/rr/download?name=笑傲江湖.mp4">笑傲江湖.mp4</a><br>
    </fieldset>
    <fieldset>
      <a href="http://localhost:8080/rr/download?name=朋友.txt">朋友.txt</a><br>
    </fieldset>
    <fieldset>
      <a href="http://localhost:8080/rr/download?name=宝藏.zip">宝藏.zip</a><br>
    </fieldset>
  </body>
</html>

测试结果如下:

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JWeb之Response

在Servlet API中，定义了一个HttpServletResponse接口它继承自ServletResponse接口它专门用来封装HTTP响应消息下面会针对Response的常用方法进行介绍!一.响应状态码相关方法1.setStatus(int status)方法:设置状态码***正常情况下，Web服务器会默认产生一个状态码为200的状态行package con...
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