JWeb之请求转发&重定向

生活当中遇到的页面跳转有两种方式:

• 请求转发
• 请求重定向

二者的区别先来展示一下:

	转发	重定向
请求次数	客户端请求一次服务器	客户端至少请求2次服务器
地址栏	地址栏不发生变化	地址栏发生变化(显示重定向后的地址)
数据共享	过程内数据共享	过程内数据不共享 由于请求发生了变化.所以重定向过程中在request级别数据不共享
跳转限制	只能跳转至同域资源	可以跳转至任意的url
发生行为	主要体现为服务器行为	主要体现为客户端行为

下面会演示请求转发以及请求重定向的原理(但不是以页面跳转的方式来演示)!

一.请求转发

测试前准备:

• 请求转发发起方:DispatchInitiatorServlet.java
• 请求转发接收方:DispatchReceiverServlet.java

1.流程展示:

 

2.代码展示:

①DispatchInitiatorServlet.java

package controller.dispacher;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 10:20
 * @Version 1.0
 * 请求转发发起方
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/dis")
public class DispatchInitiatorServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求访问至DispatchInitiatorServlet.....");
        System.out.println("进行请求转发....");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/drs").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

②DispatchReceiverServlet.java

package controller.dispacher;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 10:24
 * @Version 1.0
 * 请求转发接收方
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/drs")
public class DispatchReceiverServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        System.out.println("请求访问至DispatchReceiverServlet....");
        resp.getWriter().write("已完成请求转发...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

3.测试

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/dr/dis

请求后前端路径:http://localhost:8080/dr/dis

前端页面展示:

控制台输出:

请求访问至DispatchInitiatorServlet.....
进行请求转发....
请求访问至DispatchReceiverServlet....

二.请求重定向

测试前准备:

• 请求重定向参与者1:RedirectOneServlet.java
• 请求重定向参与者2:RedirectSecServlet.java

1.流程展示

2.代码展示

①RedirectOneServlet.java

package controller.redirect;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 13:34
 * @Version 1.0
 * 请求重定向参与者1
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/ros")
public class RedirectOneServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求访问至RedirectOneServlet.....");
        System.out.println("进行重定向....");
        //设置状态码为302
        resp.setStatus(302);
        //设置重定向后的目标地址,"location"为固定写法
        resp.setHeader("location","/dr/rss");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

②RedirectSecServlet.java

package controller.redirect;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 13:34
 * @Version 1.0
 * 请求重定向参与者2
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/rss")
public class RedirectSecServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求访问至RedirectSecServlet.....");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("已完成请求重定向...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

3.测试

测试请求路径:htttp://localhost:8080/dr/ros

请求后前端路径:http://localhost:8080/dr/rss

前端页面展示:

控制台输出:

请求访问至RedirectOneServlet.....
进行重定向....
请求访问至RedirectSecServlet.....

三.关于重定向中request级别数据不共享的解释

测试准备:

• 测试重定向数据丢失参与者1:RLDOneServlet.java
• 测试重定向数据丢失参与者2:RLDSecServlet.java

1.代码展示

①RLDOneServlet.java

package redirect_lossdata;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 13:34
 * @Version 1.0
 * 测试重定向数据丢失参与者1
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/rldos")
public class RLDOneServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求访问至RLDOneServlet.....");
        System.out.println("进行重定向....");
        req.setAttribute("name","Howie");
        System.out.println("在request域中存入[name ::: Howie]");
        //设置状态码为302
        resp.setStatus(302);
        //设置重定向后的目标地址,"location"为固定写法
        resp.setHeader("location","/rr/rldss");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

②RLDSecServlet.java

package redirect_lossdata;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author weihuanwen
 * @Date 2019/7/26 13:34
 * @Version 1.0
 *  测试重定向数据丢失参与者2
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/rldss")
public class RLDSecServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("请求访问至RLDSecServlet.....");
        Object value = req.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println("从request域中取出属性name值:"+ value);
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        resp.getWriter().write("已完成请求重定向...");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

2.测试

测试请求路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/rldos

请求后前端路径:http://localhost:8080/rr/rldss

前端展示:

控制台输出:

请求访问至RLDOneServlet.....
进行重定向....
在request域中存入[name ::: Howie]
请求访问至RLDSecServlet.....
从request域中取出属性name值:null

3.总结:

重定向后请求发生了变化,即非同一个request域,无法共享数据

那么转发和重定向那种方式可以传输数据呢?

需要分情况讨论这个问题:

①如果数据存储在request中,转发是一次请求,数据可以传递;重定向是2次不同的请求,数据无法传输

②如果数据存储在session中,其生存周期为一次会话,无论是转发还是重定向都可以传输数据