分布式事务TCC模式

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已于 2024-03-30 00:16:32 修改

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分类专栏：微服务文章标签：分布式

于 2023-07-20 22:24:44 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Forbidden_City/article/details/131841077

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TCC(Try/Confirm/Cancel)编程模式的核心思想是：针对每个分支事务操作，都要向全局事务发起方注册Try、Confirm和Cancel三个操作，具体这些操作由我们自己根据业务进行实现，然后分为两个阶段去执行：

Try 阶段主要是做业务检查(一致性)及资源预留(隔离)，此阶段仅是一个初步操作，它和后续的Confirm 一起才能真正构成一个完整的业务逻辑。
Confirm 阶段主要是做确认提交，Try阶段所有分支事务执行成功后开始执行 Confirm。通常情况下，采用TCC则认为 Confirm阶段是不会出错的。即：只要Try成功，Confirm一定成功。若Confirm阶段真的出错了，需引入重试机制或人工处理。
Cancel 阶段主要是在业务执行错误，需要回滚的状态下执行分支事务的业务取消，预留资源释放。通常情况下，采用TCC则认为Cancel阶段也是一定成功的。若Cancel阶段真的出错了，需引入重试机制或人工处理。

在这里插入图片描述

TCC框架

目前市面上的TCC框架众多比如下面这几种：

框架名称	Gitbub地址
tcc-transaction	https://github.com/changmingxie/tcc-transaction
Hmily	https://github.com/yu199195/hmily
ByteTCC	https://github.com/liuyangming/ByteTCC
EasyTransaction	https://github.com/QNJR-GROUP/EasyTransaction

Hmily是一个高性能分布式事务tcc开源框架。基于java语言来开发（JDK1.8），支持dubbo，springcloud，motan等rpc框架进行分布式事务。它目前支持以下特性：

支持嵌套事务(Nested transaction support)。
采用disruptor框架进行事务日志的异步读写，与RPC框架的性能毫无差别。
支持SpringBoot-starter 项目启动，使用简单。
RPC框架支持 : dubbo,motan,springcloud。
本地事务存储支持 : redis,mongodb,zookeeper,file,mysql。
事务日志序列化支持：java，hessian，kryo，protostuff。
采用Aspect AOP 切面思想与Spring无缝集成，天然支持集群。
RPC事务恢复，超时异常恢复等。

Hmily利用AOP对参与分布式事务的本地方法与远程方法进行拦截处理，通过多方拦截，事务参与者能透明的调用到另一方的Try、Conform、Cancel方法；传递事务上下文；并记录事务日志，酌情进行补偿，重试等。

Hmily不需要事务协调服务，但需要提供一个数据库(mysql/mongodb/zookeeper/redis/file)来进行日志存储。Hmily实现的TCC服务与普通的服务一样，只需要暴露一个接口，也就是它的Try业务。Confirm/Cancel业务逻辑，只是因为全局事务提交/回滚的需要才提供的，因此Confirm/Cancel业务只需要被Hmily事务框架发现即可，不需要被调用它的其他业务服务所感知。

官网介绍：https://dromara.org/website/zh-cn/docs/hmily/index.html

Hmily快速入门

业务说明
本案例通过hmily框架实现TCC分布式事务，模拟两个账户的转账交易过程。两个账户分别在不同的银行(张三在bank1、李四在bank2)，bank1、bank2是两个微服务。对于交易过程中的每个操作，要么都成功，要么都失败。

在这里插入图片描述
数据库
创建bank1库，并导入以下表结构和数据：

CREATE DATABASE `bank1` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
USE bank1;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `account_info`;
CREATE TABLE `account_info`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `account_name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '户主姓名',
  `account_no` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '银行卡号',
  `account_password` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '帐户密码',
  `account_balance` double NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '帐户余额',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `account_info` VALUES (1, '张三', '1', '', 10000);

创建bank2库，并导入以下表结构和数据:

CREATE DATABASE `bank2` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';
USE bank2;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `account_info`;
CREATE TABLE `account_info`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `account_name` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '户主姓名',
  `account_no` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '银行卡号',
  `account_password` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '帐户密码',
  `account_balance` double NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '帐户余额',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `account_info` VALUES (2, '李四', '2', NULL, 0);

Hmily用来存储日志的数据表由它自动创建

演示案例代码

发起者
application.yml配置（只显示hmily部分）

org:
  dromara:
    hmily :
      serializer : kryo #序列化工具
      retryMax : 30 #最大重试次数
      repositorySupport : db #持久化方式
      started: true #事务发起方
      hmilyDbConfig :
        driverClassName  : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url :  jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank1?useUnicode=true
        username : root
        password : 123

Hmily配置类

@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass=true)
public class DatabaseConfiguration {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;

    @Bean
    public HmilyTransactionBootstrap hmilyTransactionBootstrap(HmilyInitService hmilyInitService){
        HmilyTransactionBootstrap hmilyTransactionBootstrap = new HmilyTransactionBootstrap(hmilyInitService);
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setSerializer(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.serializer"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setRetryMax(Integer.parseInt(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.retryMax")));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setRepositorySupport(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.repositorySupport"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setStarted(Boolean.parseBoolean(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.started")));
        HmilyDbConfig hmilyDbConfig = new HmilyDbConfig();
        hmilyDbConfig.setDriverClassName(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.driverClassName"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setUrl(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.url"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setUsername(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.username"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setPassword(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.password"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setHmilyDbConfig(hmilyDbConfig);
        return hmilyTransactionBootstrap;
    }
}

feign代理

@FeignClient(value = "hmily-demo-bank2")
public interface Bank2Client {
    @GetMapping("/bank2/transfer")
    @Hmily
    Boolean transfer(@RequestParam("amount") Double amount);
}

业务
注意：Try、Confirm、cancel的方法参数必须保持一致。

@Service
public class AccountInfoTccImpl implements AccountInfoTcc {

    @Autowired
    private AccountInfoDao accountInfoDao;

    @Autowired
    private Bank2Client bank2Client;

    @Override
    @Hmily(confirmMethod = "commit", cancelMethod = "rollback")
    public void prepare( String accountNo, double amount) {
        System.out.println("...Bank1 Service  prepare..." );
        if(!bank2Client.transfer(amount)){
            throw new RuntimeException("bank2 exception");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void commit( String accountNo, double amount) {
        System.out.println("...Bank1 Service commit..." );
    }

    @Override
    public void rollback( String accountNo, double amount) {
        accountInfoDao.updateAccountBalance(accountNo ,amount );
        System.out.println("...Bank1 Service rollback..." );
    }
}

启动类

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = MongoAutoConfiguration.class,scanBasePackages = {"org.dromara.hmily","cn.itcast.tcc.account"})
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"cn.itcast.tcc.hmilydemo.bank1.feignClient"})
public class Bank1HmilyServer {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(Bank1HmilyServer.class, args);
   }
}

参与者

org:
  dromara:
    hmily :
      serializer : kryo #序列化工具
      retryMax : 30 #最大重试次数
      repositorySupport : db #持久化方式
      started: false #事务参与方
      hmilyDbConfig :
        driverClassName  : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url :  jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank2?useUnicode=true
        username : root
        password : 123

业务

@Service
public class AccountInfoServiceImpl implements AccountInfoService {
   @Autowired
   private AccountInfoDao accountInfoDao;

   @Override
   @Hmily(confirmMethod = "confirmMethod", cancelMethod = "cancelMethod")
   public Boolean updateAccountBalance(String accountNo, Double amount) {
      System.out.println("...Bank2 Service Begin ...");
      try{
         accountInfoDao.updateAccountBalance(accountNo ,amount);
      }catch(Exception e){
         e.printStackTrace();
         throw new RuntimeException( e.getMessage() );
      }
      return true;
   }
   public Boolean confirmMethod(String accountNo, Double amount) {
      System.out.println("...Bank2 Service commit..." );
      return true;
   }

   public Boolean cancelMethod(String accountNo, Double amount) {
      accountInfoDao.updateAccountBalance(accountNo ,amount * -1);
      System.out.println("...Bank2 Service rollback..." );
      return true;
   }
}

Hmily环境搭建

新建数据库tcc_undo_log，此库用来存储hmily事务日志，空库即可，由hmily自动建表。

CREATE DATABASE `tcc_undo_log` CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';

Maven环境

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.dromara</groupId>
    <artifactId>hmily-springcloud</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.5-RELEASE</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.esotericsoftware</groupId>
    <artifactId>kryo</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>

yaml文件

org.dromara.hmily.serializer = kryo
org.dromara.hmily.retryMax = 30
org.dromara.hmily.repositorySupport = db
org.dromara.hmily.started = true #事务发起方  false为参与方（被调用）
org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.driverClassName = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tcc_undo_log?useUnicode=true
org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.username = root
org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.password = 123

新建配置文件

@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass=true)
public class HmilyConfig {

    @Autowired
    private Environment env;

    @Bean
    public HmilyTransactionBootstrap hmilyTransactionBootstrap(HmilyInitService hmilyInitService){
        HmilyTransactionBootstrap hmilyTransactionBootstrap = new HmilyTransactionBootstrap(hmilyInitService);
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setSerializer(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.serializer"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setRetryMax(Integer.parseInt(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.retryMax")));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setRepositorySupport(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.repositorySupport"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setStarted(Boolean.parseBoolean(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.started")));
        HmilyDbConfig hmilyDbConfig = new HmilyDbConfig();
        hmilyDbConfig.setDriverClassName(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.driverClassName"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setUrl(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.url"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setUsername(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.username"));
        hmilyDbConfig.setPassword(env.getProperty("org.dromara.hmily.hmilyDbConfig.password"));
        hmilyTransactionBootstrap.setHmilyDbConfig(hmilyDbConfig);
        return hmilyTransactionBootstrap;
    }
}

启动类上增加org.dromara.hmily的扫描项

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = MongoAutoConfiguration.class,scanBasePackages = {"org.dromara.hmily","cn.itcast.wanxinp2p.account"})

Feign代理(远程接口)中，controller的方法中要增加@Hmily注解

案例

@FeignClient(value="account-service")//服务名
public interface AccountApiAgent {
   @PostMapping(value = "/account/tcc/accounts")
   @Hmily
   RestResponse<AccountDTO> register(@RequestBody AccountRegisterDTO dto);
}

@Override
@Hmily(confirmMethod = "confirmRegister", cancelMethod = "cancelRegister")
public void register(ConsumerRegisterDTO consumerRegisterDTO) {
     ... ...
}
public void confirmRegister(ConsumerRegisterDTO consumerRegisterDTO) {
	log.info("execute confirmRegister");
}
public void cancelRegister(ConsumerRegisterDTO consumerRegisterDTO) {
	log.info("execute cancelRegister");
	remove(Wrappers.<Consumer>lambdaQuery().eq(Consumer::getMobile, 
                                               consumerRegisterDTO.getMobile()));
}

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分布式事务TCC模式

Hmily实现的TCC服务与普通的服务一样，只需要暴露一个接口，也就是它的Try业务。Confirm/Cancel业务逻辑，只是因为全局事务提交/回滚的需要才提供的，因此Confirm/Cancel业务只需要被Hmily事务框架发现即可，不需要被调用它的其他业务服务所感知。本案例通过hmily框架实现TCC分布式事务，模拟两个账户的转账交易过程。Hmily利用AOP对参与分布式事务的本地方法与远程方法进行拦截处理，通过多方拦截，事务参与者能透明的调用到另一方的Try、Conform、Cancel方法；
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