C++ 虚析构函数

创建派生类的对象：先调用基类构造，再调用子类构造。不能把构造函数定义为虚函数。

删除派生类的对象：先调用派生类的析构函数，再调用基类的。

问题：如果是动态绑定，基类的指针所指向的派生类的对象是通过new在堆上创建的，使用delete运算删除派生类对象，则只调用了基类的析构函数，而没有调用派生类的析构函数，这样就无法完成正确的对象清理工作（正确应该是要调用派生类的析构函数）。

解决办法：把析构函数定义为虚函数。这样无论指针所指的对象是基类的还是派生类的对象，虚析构函数的使用都能保证程序调用对应（动态绑定）的析构函数。虚析构函数是常用的。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base{
public:
	Base(){cout << "Base::constructor"<<endl;}
	virtual ~Base(){cout << "Base::destructor"<<endl;}
};

class Derived : public Base{
public:
	Derived(){cout << "Derived::constructor"<<endl;}
	virtual ~Derived(){cout << "Derived::destructor"<<endl;}
};

int main()
{
	Base *pBase = new Derived;

	delete pBase;
	return 0;
}

输出

Base::constructor
Derived::constructor
Derived::destructor
Base::destructor

如果析构函数不是虚函数，则结果是：

Base::constructor
Derived::constructor
Base::destructor

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base{
public:
	Base(){cout << "Base::constructor"<<endl;}
	~Base(){cout << "Base::destructor"<<endl;}
};

class Derived : public Base{
public:
	Derived(){cout << "Derived::constructor"<<endl;}
	~Derived(){cout << "Derived::destructor"<<endl;}
};

int main()
{
	Base *pBase = new Derived;	 
	delete pBase;
	pBase = 0;
	Derived d;
	pBase = &d;

	return 0;
}

输出：

Base::constructor
Derived::constructor
Base::destructor
Base::constructor
Derived::constructor
Derived::destructor
Base::destructor

可见如果不是new出来的派生类对象，还是可以正确清理的。