一.实验拓扑
二.实验需求
1.全网可达。
2.使用DHCP获得IP地址。
三.实验分析、思路步骤及操作
1.因为实验中交换机多,容易产生广播风暴,然后vlan可以将一个大的广播域划分成若干个小的广播域,有利于减少广播风暴,所以先在交换机中创建vlan。
(1)创建sw1的vlan
[SW1]vlan 2
[SW1-vlan2]vlan 3
[SW1-vlan3]
(2)创建sw2的vlan
[SW2]vlan 2
[SW2-vlan2]vlan 3
[SW2-vlan3]
(3)创建sw3的vlan
[SW3]vlan 2
[SW3-vlan2]vlan 3
[SW3-vlan3]
2.为了保证全网可达,要给交换机配置接口链路类型。
因为pc与交换机相连接,所以配置access类型
然后交换机与路由器相连接,交换机又配置有两种vlan(vlan2,vlan3),路由器的物理接口少,不同vlan的主机需要借助路由器进行通信,则采用路由器的子接口,所以在交换机配置trunk类型。
为了防止主机与vlan配错,所以要在交换机接口修改PVID。
放行vlan。
(1)配置sw1的接口链路类型
[SW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[SW1-Etherent0/0/2]quit
[SW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]quit
[SW1]interface Ethernet 0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
(2)配置sw2的接口链路类型
[SW2]interface Ethernet 0/0/3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 2
[SW2-Etherent0/0/3]quit
[SW2]interface Ethernet 0/0/4
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]quit
[SW2]interface Ethernet 0/0/2
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]quit
[SW2]Interface Ethernet 0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
(3)配置sw3的接口链路类型
[SW3]interface Ethernet 0/0/2
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 2
[SW3-Etherent0/0/2]quit
[SW3]interface Ethernet 0/0/3
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 3
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/3]quit
[SW3]interface Ethernet 0/0/1
[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
3.因为使用DHCP获取IP地址,需要利用路由器的子接口下发IP地址。
因为广播域1有两个小广播域(vlan2,vlan3),广播域2也有两个小广播域(vlan2,vlan3),所以需要配置路由器4个子接口。
然后子接口去识别vlan的标签功能,划分给相应的vlan,再广播(记MAC地址)
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip address 192.168.1.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dot1q termination vid 2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]ip address 192.168.2.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]dot1q termination vid 3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]ip address 192.168.3.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dot1q termination vid 2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]arp broadcast enable
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3]ip address 192.168.4.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3]dot1q termination vid 3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3]arp broadcast enable
4.因为使用DHCP获取IP地址,所以要在路由器上配置DHCP服务。
然后配置的网关在那个路由器上,就在那个路由器上配置DHCP服务(创建地址池、分配IP地址、配置网关地址、配置服务器地址)。
再下DHCP服务。
[R1]dgcp enable
[R1]ip pool aa
[R1-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.254
[R1-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-aa]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dhcp select global
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]quit
[R1]ip pool bb
[R1-ip-pool-bb]network 192.168.2.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-bb]gateway-list 192.168.2.254
[R1-ip-pool-bb]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-bb]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]dhcp select global
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.3]quit
[R1]ip pool cc
[R1-ip-pool-cc]network 192.168.3.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-cc]gateway-list 192.168.3.254
[R1-ip-pool-cc]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-cc]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]dhcp select global
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.2]quit
[R1]ip pool dd
[R1-ip-pool-dd]network 192.168.4.0 mask 24
[R1-ip-pool-dd]gateway-list 192.168.4.254
[R1-ip-pool-dd]dns-list 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
[R1-ip-pool-dd]quit
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1.3]dhcp select global
四.测试全网通
主机1ping主机4
主机1ping主机6