文章目录
Docker的常用命令
1、帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的基本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
2、镜像命令
1、docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@192 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 奖项的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id
2、docker search 搜索镜像
[root@192 docker]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14037 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5354 [OK]
# 可选项，通过 搜藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的就是START大于3000的
[root@192 docker]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14037 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5354 [OK]
[root@192 docker]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14037 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5354 [OK]
3、docker pull 下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@192 docker]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写 tag， 默认就是latest（最新版）
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
328ba678bf27: Pull complete #分层下载：docker images核心 联合文件系统
f3f5ff008d73: Pull complete
dd7054d6d0c7: Pull complete
70b5d4e8750e: Pull complete
cdc4a7b43bdd: Pull complete
3e9c0b61a8f3: Pull complete
806a08b6c085: Pull complete
021b2cebd832: Pull complete
ad31ba45b26b: Pull complete
0d4c2bd59d1c: Pull complete
148dcef42e3b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f496c25da703053a6e0717f1d52092205775304ea57535cc9fcaa6f35867800b # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
4、docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@192 docker]# docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
[root@192 docker]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除指定的镜像
[root@192 docker]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像
3、容器命令
** 说明 ：有了镜像才可以创建容器，liunx，下载一个centos 镜像测试**
docker pull centos
1、新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat01， 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@192 docker]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@fb0d117a089f bin]# ls # 查看容器内部的centos，基本版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@7d1a43a48b88 /]# exit
exit
[root@192 docker]# ls
buildkit containers engine-id image network overlay2 plugins runtimes swarm tmp volumes
[root@192 docker]#
2、列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
[root@192 docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@192 docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d1a43a48b88 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago dazzling_germain
fb0d117a089f centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago condescending_vaughan
d9a8d3aaf159 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago determined_golick
3、退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出
CTRL + P + Q # 容器不停止退出
[root@49cbb0705097 /]# [root@192 docker]# docker ps # 正在启动的
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
49cbb0705097 centos "/bin/bash" 31 seconds ago Up 30 seconds serene_rubin
[root@192 docker]# docker ps -a # 退出后的情况
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
49cbb0705097 centos "/bin/bash" 54 seconds ago Up 53 seconds serene_rubin
7d1a43a48b88 centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago dazzling_germain
fb0d117a089f centos "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago condescending_vaughan
d9a8d3aaf159 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 5 hours ago Exited (0) 5 hours ago determined_golick
4、删除容器
docker rm 容器 id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
5、启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
4、常用其他命令
1、后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@192 docker]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps，发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
2、查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@192 docker]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"
[root@192 docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE
8e687bac17da centos
532e01aca25c centos
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志
--tail # 要显示的日志条数
[root@192 docker]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 8e687bac17da
3、查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@192 docker]# docker top 8e687bac17da
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
root 11701 11681 0 22:43 ? 00:00:00
root 13459 11701 0 23:06 ? 00:00:00
4、查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
[root@192 docker]# docker inspect 8e687bac17da
[
{
"Id": "8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58",
"Created": "2023-04-14T14:43:57.460564253Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 11701,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2023-04-14T14:43:57.690708994Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58/8e687bac17da9f562300a12003d25fef7cf92eaf8533d06fd78e4662f11e9a58-json.log",
"Name": "/relaxed_ride",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"ConsoleSize": [
39,
123
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c5d2060a5a4a3fb5d3fa2a9e0bafd996f828ee1309a6d136886ef5c906a935a8-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5ffc1c0c197b108872faee0d49725734e982af6eb8336b3f94d63953a45c16de/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c5d2060a5a4a3fb5d3fa2a9e0bafd996f828ee1309a6d136886ef5c906a935a8/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c5d2060a5a4a3fb5d3fa2a9e0bafd996f828ee1309a6d136886ef5c906a935a8/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c5d2060a5a4a3fb5d3fa2a9e0bafd996f828ee1309a6d136886ef5c906a935a8/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "8e687bac17da",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "96dabd18038fe833c6e5614316414c280e4b5843c0e90796086359ee06ff2a91",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/96dabd18038f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "0dd36467e4bec16434e7bd293478812827211e8cf65359f841d8aa838c5623ac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "1b697a5725fe46a1379e063d22f6e5947f77eb3e925ed28b148f54e36e8cae4d",
"EndpointID": "0dd36467e4bec16434e7bd293478812827211e8cf65359f841d8aa838c5623ac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
5、进入当前正在运行的容器
# 通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
#测试
[root@192 docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8e687bac17da centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 36 minutes ago Up 36 minutes relaxed_ride
532e01aca25c centos "/bin/bash" 45 minutes ago Up 45 minutes silly_goldwasser
[root@192 docker]# docker exec -it 8e687bac17da /bin/bash
[root@8e687bac17da /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@8e687bac17da /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 14:43 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo zhangsan;sleep 1;done
root 2279 0 0 15:21 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 2330 1 0 15:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 2331 2279 0 15:22 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@192 docker]# docker attch 8e687bac17da
正在执行当前的代码....
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！
6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@192 home]# ls
tom.java zhangsan
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@192 home]# docker attach 11fd5dfc571f
[root@11fd5dfc571f /]# cd /home
[root@11fd5dfc571f home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@11fd5dfc571f home]# touch test.java
[root@11fd5dfc571f home]# exit
exit
[root@192 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@192 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
11fd5dfc571f centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 seconds ago peaceful_euclid
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@192 home]# docker cp 11fd5dfc571f:/home/test.java /home
Preparing to copy...
Successfully copied 1.536kB to /home
[root@192 home]# ls
test.java tom.java zhangsan
# 拷贝是一个手动过程，可以使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现
4、其他
1、启动docker
service docker start启动docker服务，然后输入dockers ps能正常输出表示启动成功
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