hadoop--HDFS的Shell相关操作

基本语法

hadoop fs [选项] / hdfs dfs [选项]

命令

[xiaobai@hadoop102 ~]$ hadoop fs
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
	[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-checksum <src> ...]
	[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
	[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
	[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
	[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] [-e] <path> ...]
	[-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
	[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
	[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
	[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
	[-du [-s] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
	[-expunge [-immediate]]
	[-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
	[-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
	[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
	[-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
	[-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
	[-head <file>]
	[-help [cmd ...]]
	[-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [-e] [<path> ...]]
	[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
	[-moveFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
	[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
	[-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] [-t <thread count>] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
	[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
	[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
	[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
	[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
	[-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
	[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
	[-stat [format] <path> ...]
	[-tail [-f] [-s <sleep interval>] <file>]
	[-test -[defswrz] <path>]
	[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
	[-touch [-a] [-m] [-t TIMESTAMP ] [-c] <path> ...]
	[-touchz <path> ...]
	[-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
	[-usage [cmd ...]]
Generic options supported are:
-conf <configuration file>        specify an application configuration file
-D <property=value>               define a value for a given property
-fs <file:///|hdfs://namenode:port> specify default filesystem URL to use, overrides 'fs.defaultFS' property from configurations.
-jt <local|resourcemanager:port>  specify a ResourceManager
-files <file1,...>                specify a comma-separated list of files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
-libjars <jar1,...>               specify a comma-separated list of jar files to be included in the classpath
-archives <archive1,...>          specify a comma-separated list of archives to be unarchived on the compute machines

The general command line syntax is:
command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

常用命令

1. 前提

1). 启动Hadoop集群：
hadoop102启动hdfs：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[xiaobai@hadoop103 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

2). -help：输出命令参数：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -help rm

3). 创建/weather文件夹：

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /weather

2. 上传

1). -moveFromLocal：从本地剪贴到HDFS(本地无，HDFS有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim monday.txt
输入：
monday is a rainy day
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./monday.txt /weather

2). -copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim Tuesday.txt
输入：
Tuesday is a sunny day
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal Tuesday.txt /weather

3). -put：与copyFromLocal同，生产环境中用put(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim Wednesday.txt
输入：
Wednesday balabala
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -put ./Wednesday.txt /weather

4). appendToFile：追加一个文件到另一个已经存在的文件末尾(HDFS 只能追加不能修改)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ vim myfeeling
输入：
I was not in a good mood that day.
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile ./myfeeling /weather/Wednesday.txt
                           

3. 下载

1). -copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /weather/monday.txt ./

2). -get：于copyToLocal同，生产环境中用get(本地有，HDSF有)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -get /weather/monday.txt ./monday2.txt

4. HDFS的直接操作

1). -ls: 显示目录信息；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -ls /weather

2). -cat: 显示文件内容；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -cat /weather/Wednesday.txt

3). -chgrp / chmod / -chown: 与Linux文件系统中的用法相同，修改文件所属的权限；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -chmod 666 /weather/Tuesday.txt
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -chown xiaobai:xiaobai /weather/monday.txt

4). -mkdir: 创建路径；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mkdir/sunny

5). -cp: 在HDFS中的路径拷贝；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -cp /weather/Wednesday.txt /sunny
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /sunny/monday.txt

6). -mv: 在HDFS目录中移动文件；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -mv /weather/monday.txt /sunny

7). -tail: 显示一个文件的末尾1kb的数据(末尾文件为最新文件/重要文件)；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -tail /sunny/Wednesday.txt

8). -rm: 删除文件/文件夹；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm /sunny/monday.txt

9). -rm -r: 递归删除目录及目录里的内容；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /sunny

10). -du: 统计文件夹的大小信息；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /weather 
99  297  /weather
[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -du -h /weather 
23  69   /weather/Tuesday.txt
54  162  /weather/Wednesday.txt
22  66   /weather/monday.txt

tips：99表示文件大小，297表示99*3个副本；/weather 表示查看的目录；

11). -setup: 设置HDFS中文件的副本数量；

[xiaobai@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hadoop fs -setrep 6 /weather/monday.txt
Replication 6 set: /weather/monday.txt

tips：此处设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，不一定会有这么多副本，只有DataNode的数量可以得到保证时才会达到设置的副本数，否则，副本数只等到下次DataNode足够时才会继续拷贝副本。因为目前只有3ux设备，最多3x副本，只有节点数增加到6x时，副本数才能达到6.