二叉搜索树ADT_BSTree

二叉搜索树或是一颗空二叉树, 或是具有以下性质的二叉树:

1.若左子树不为空, 则左子树上所有结点的关键字值均小于根结点的关键字值.

2.若右子树不为空, 则右子树上所有结点的关键字值均大于根结点的关键字值.

3.左右子树也分别是二叉搜索树.

性质: 若以中序遍历一颗二叉搜索树, 将得到一个以关键字值递增排列的有序序列.

1.搜索实现: 若二叉树为空, 则搜索失败. 否则, 将x与根结点比较. 若x小于该结点的值, 则以同样的方法搜索左子树, 不必搜索右子树. 若x

大于该结点的值, 则以同样的方法搜索右子树, 而不必搜索左子树. 若x等于该结点的值, 则搜索成功终止.

search()为递归搜索, search1()为迭代搜索.

2.插入实现: 插入一个新元素时, 需要先搜索新元素的插入位置. 如果树种有重复元素, 返回Duplicate. 搜索达到空子树, 则表明树中不包

含重复元素. 此时构造一个新结点p存放新元素x, 连至结点q, 成为q的孩子, 则新结点p成为新二叉树的根.

3.删除实现: 删除一个元素时, 先搜索被删除结点p, 并记录p的双亲结点q. 若不存在被删除的元素, 返回NotPresent. 

(1)若p有两颗非空子树, 则搜索结点p的中序遍历次序下的直接后继结点, 设为s. 将s的值复制到p中. 

(2)若p只有一颗非空子树或p是叶子, 以结点p的唯一孩子c或空子树c = NULL取代p.

(3)若p为根结点, 删除后结点c成为新的根. 否则若p是其双亲确定左孩子, 则结点c也应成为q的左孩子, 最后释放结点p所占用的空间.

实现代码:

#include "iostream"
#include "cstdio"
#include "cstring"
#include "algorithm"
#include "cmath"
#include "utility"
#include "map"
#include "set"
#include "vector"
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
enum ResultCode{ Underflow, Overflow, Success, Duplicate, NotPresent }; // 赋值为0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

template <class T>
class DynamicSet
{
public:
	virtual ~DynamicSet() {}
	virtual ResultCode Search(T &x) const = 0;
	virtual ResultCode Insert(T &x) = 0;
	virtual ResultCode Remove(T &x) = 0;
	/* data */
};

template <class T>
struct BTNode
{
	BTNode() { lChild = rChild = NULL; }
	BTNode(const T &x) {
		element = x;
		lChild = rChild = NULL;
	}
	BTNode(const T &x, BTNode<T> *l, BTNode<T> *r) {
		element = x;
		lChild = l;
		rChild = r;
	}
	T element;
	BTNode<T> *lChild, *rChild;
	/* data */
};

template <class T>
class BSTree : public DynamicSet<T>
{
public:
	explicit BSTree() { root = NULL; } // 只可显示转换
	virtual ~BSTree() { Clear(root); }
	ResultCode Search(T &x) const;
	ResultCode Search1(T &x) const;
	ResultCode Insert(T &x);
	ResultCode Remove(T &x);
protected:
	BTNode<T> *root;
private:
	void Clear(BTNode<T> *t);
	ResultCode Search(BTNode<T> *p, T &x) const;
	/* data */
};

template <class T>
void BSTree<T>::Clear(BTNode<T> *t)
{
	if(t) {
		Clear(t -> lChild);
		Clear(t -> rChild);
		cout << "delete" << t -> element << "..." << endl;
		delete t;
	}
}

template< class T>
ResultCode BSTree<T>::Search(T &x) const
{
	return Search(root, x);
}
template <class T>
ResultCode BSTree<T>::Search(BTNode<T> *p, T &x) const
{
	if(!p) return NotPresent;
	if(x < p -> element) return Search(p -> lChild, x);
	if(x > p -> element) return Search(p -> rChild, x);
	x = p -> element;
	return Success;
}

template <class T>
ResultCode BSTree<T>::Search1(T &x) const
{
	BTNode<T> *p = root;
	while(p) {
		if(x < p -> element) p = p -> lChild;
		else if(x > p -> element) p = p -> rChild;
		else {
			x = p -> element;
			return Success;
		}
	}
	return NotPresent;
}

template <class T>
ResultCode BSTree<T>::Insert(T &x)
{
	BTNode<T> *p = root, *q = NULL;
	while(p) {
		q = p;
		if(x < p -> element) p = p -> lChild;
		else if(x > p -> element) p = p -> rChild;
		else {
			x = p -> element;
			return Duplicate;
		}
	}
	p = new BTNode<T>(x);
	if(!root) root = p;
	else if(x < q -> element) q -> lChild = p;
	else q -> rChild = p;
	return Success;
}

template <class T>
ResultCode BSTree<T>::Remove(T &x) 
{
	BTNode<T> *c, *s, *r, *p = root, *q = NULL;
	while(p && p -> element != x) {
		q = p;
		if(x < p -> element) p = p -> lChild;
		else p = p -> rChild;
	}
	if(!p) return NotPresent;
	x = p -> element;
	if(p -> lChild && p -> rChild) {
		s = p -> rChild;
		r = p;
		while(s -> lChild) {
			r = s;
			s = s -> lChild;
		}
		p -> element = s -> element;
		p = s;
		q = r;
	}
	if(p -> lChild) c = p -> lChild;
	else c = p -> rChild;
	if(p == root) root = c;
	else if(p == q -> lChild) q -> lChild = c;
	else q -> rChild = c;
	delete p;
	return Success;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
	BSTree<int> bst;
	int x = 28; bst.Insert(x);
	x = 21; bst.Insert(x);
	x = 25; bst.Insert(x);
	x = 36; bst.Insert(x);
	x = 33; bst.Insert(x);
	x = 43; bst.Insert(x);
	return 0;
}