Ubuntu18.04，离线安装mysql 5.7.39数据库

一、环境
操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
数据库：MySQL 5.7.39
网络情况：内网服务器，无法访问互联网资源

二、介质下载
1.安装依赖包
libmecab2   http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/m/mecab/libmecab2_0.996-1.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
libaio1         http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/liba/libaio/libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb
libtinfo5       http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/ncurses/libtinfo5_6.2-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
2.MySQL下载
首先，打开MySQL产品下载页面：
产品页面
其次，选择操作系统对应的社区版本，此处以64位 Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS操作系统为例，选择选择Ubuntu Linux
18.04 (x86, 64-bit), DEB Bundle：下载链接
三、依赖及MySQL安装
将下列4个已下载文件拷贝至服务器 /opt/ 目录
mysql-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_i386.deb-bundle.tar
ibtinfo5_6.2-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb
libmecab2_0.996-1.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb

1.安装依赖包，依次执行命令：
sudo dpkg -i libmecab2_0.996-1.2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libtinfo5_6.2-0ubuntu2_amd64.deb

2.安装MySQL
解压 mysql-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar命令：

sudo tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar

依次执行以下命令进行安装：

sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb    //此步需要输入数据库的root账号的密码
sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i mysql-server_5.7.39-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb

检查MySQL的安装：

mysql -u root -p    //输入密码

**备注：**安装了MySQL 8.0的无法降级安装5.7.x，需要卸载MySQL 8.0以后再安装MySQL 5.7.x 。

四、MySQL 配置
1.修改mysql配置文件：mysqld.cnf   
【允许root 远程访问，修改 bind-address = 0.0.0.0】
命令： sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

# Copyright (c) 2014, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
# ......
# ......
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names=1
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir        = /var/lib/mysql
log-error    = /var/log/mysql/error.log
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400
table_definition_cache = 400
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 1024M
max_allowed_packet = 100G
table_open_cache = 4096
sort_buffer_size = 16M
net_buffer_length = 4K
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M
thread_cache_size = 512
query_cache_size = 512M
tmp_table_size = 512M
sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
skip-name-resolve
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535

log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
expire_logs_days = 10
#slow_query_log=1
long_query_time=3
#log_queries_not_using_indexes=on
early-plugin-load = ""

innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
innodb_log_file_size = 2048M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 512M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_read_io_threads = 40
innodb_write_io_threads = 40

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 500M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

# By default we only accept connections from localhost
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

2、重启MySQL 
service mysql restart

mysql -u root -p        //输入密码
use mysql               //选择访问mysql库
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
flush privileges；      //刷新