Delphi 2010 最抢眼的新功能可能就是支持”触摸屏”了, 它包括一个 可触控的软键盘 和识别不同的触屏手势.
因为手势同时支持鼠标, 所以没有触摸屏的我也可以尝试一下其大多数的功能.
首次尝试的步骤:
1、加 TGestureManager 控件如窗体: GestureManager1;
2、设置窗体属性 Touch.GestureManager := GestureManager1; {下面程序是在设计时指定的属性}
3、添加窗体的 OnGesture 事件, 随便写点什么;
4、然后运行程序, 用鼠标随便在窗体上 “划” 几下… 第一个测试程序完成了!
5、添加窗体的panle1 OnCreate 事件, 写: Touch.StandardGestures := [sgLeft, sgRight];
6、给窗体添加并关联 TGestureManager, 还要添加 TActionList;
7、给动作关联 Action:
8、给 Action 写代码.
现在程序可以 “感知手势” 了, 怎么 “识别手势” 呢?
Delphi 把可以识别的手势分成了 3 类: 标准手势、自定义手势、交互手势(InteractiveGestures).
其中的交互手势用鼠标不好模拟, 可能只能用于触摸屏;
Delphi 预定义了 34 种标准手势, 并定义成 TStandardGesture 枚举类型:
TStandardGesture = ( sgLeft = sgiLeft, sgRight = sgiRight, sgUp = sgiUp, sgDown = sgiDown, sgUpLeft = sgiUpLeft, sgUpRight = sgiUpRight, sgDownLeft = sgiDownLeft, sgDownRight = sgiDownRight, sgLeftUp = sgiLeftUp, sgLeftDown = sgiLeftDown, sgRightUp = sgiRightUp, sgRightDown = sgiRightDown, sgUpDown = sgiUpDown, sgDownUp = sgiDownUp, sgLeftRight = sgiLeftRight, sgRightLeft = sgiRightLeft, sgUpLeftLong = sgiUpLeftLong, sgUpRightLong = sgiUpRightLong, sgDownLeftLong = sgiDownLeftLong, sgDownRightLong = sgiDownRightLong, sgScratchout = sgiScratchout, sgTriangle = sgiTriangle, sgSquare = sgiSquare, sgCheck = sgiCheck, sgCurlicue = sgiCurlicue, sgDoubleCurlicue = sgiDoubleCurlicue, sgCircle = sgiCircle, sgDoubleCircle = sgiDoubleCircle, sgSemiCircleLeft = sgiSemiCircleLeft, sgSemiCircleRight = sgiSemiCircleRight, sgChevronUp = sgiChevronUp, sgChevronDown = sgiChevronDown, sgChevronLeft = sgiChevronLeft, sgChevronRight = sgiChevronRight);
注意: 每个枚举项都对应了一个常数值(譬如: 枚举项 sgLeft 对应 sgiLeft, sgiLeft 是之前定义好的常数);
应记下常数的命名规律, 后面会经常用到它们, 以区别触发的是哪个手势, 譬如:
if EventInfo.GestureID = sgiLeft then ...
下面是从 docwiki.embarcadero.com/RADStudio/en/TStandardGesture_Enum 拷过来的标准手势的图示:
| Enum | Symbol |
|---|---|
| sgLeft |  |
| sgRight |  |
| sgUp |  |
| sgDown |  |
| sgUpLeft |  |
| sgUpRight |  |
| sgDownLeft |  |
| sgDownRight |  |
| sgLeftUp |  |
| sgLeftDown |  |
| sgRightUp |  |
| sgRightDown |  |
| sgUpDown |  |
| sgDownUp |  |
| sgLeftRight |  |
| sgRightLeft |  |
| sgUpLeftLong |  |
| sgUpRightLong |  |
| sgDownLeftLong |  |
| sgDownRightLong |  |
| sgScratchout |  |
| sgTriangle |  |
| sgSquare |  |
| sgCheck |  |
| sgCurlicue |  |
| sgDoubleCurlicue |  |
| sgCircle |  |
| sgDoubleCircle |  |
| sgSemiCircleLeft |  |
| sgSemiCircleRight |  |
| sgChevronUp |  |
| sgChevronDown |  |
| sgChevronLeft |  |
| sgChevronRight |  |
OnGesture 事件中的 const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; 参数主要用于识别手势信息;
前面用过 EventInfo.GestureID, 还有 EventInfo.Location 给出了手势动作的起点坐标, 测试代码:
procedure TForm1.FormGesture(Sender: TObject; const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; var Handled: Boolean); begin ShowMessage(Format('X:%d; Y:%d' , [EventInfo.Location.X, EventInfo.Location.Y])); end;
EventInfo 是个结构, 里面还有更多信息; 在没有触摸屏的情况下, 其它有可能都用不上了.
OnGesture 事件中还有一个 var 参数 Handled: Boolean;
Handled 过来的值是 False, 我们一般可以写上一句 Handled := True;
如果 Handled = False 这个触摸动作将继续向上层控件去寻找相应.
首先应该知道, 现在包括窗体在内的诸多控件都有了 GestureManager 属性和 OnGesture 事件…
譬如我们在 Panel 和其窗体上同时设置了手势, 就可以看到 Handled 参数的作用.
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, GestureMgr, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls, ActnList;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
gstrmngr1: TGestureManager;
pnl1: TPanel;
actlst1: TActionList;
act1: TAction;
act2: TAction;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormGesture(Sender: TObject; const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo;
var Handled: Boolean);
procedure act1Execute(Sender: TObject);
procedure act2Execute(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm1.act1Execute(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage(‘Left’);
end;
procedure TForm1.act2Execute(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage(‘Right’);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
Self.Touch.GestureManager := gstrmngr1;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormGesture(Sender: TObject;
const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; var Handled: Boolean);
begin
ShowMessage(Sender.ClassName + ‘_Gesture’);
// case EventInfo.GestureID of
// sgiLeft : ShowMessage(‘Left’);
// sgiRight : ShowMessage(‘Right’);
// end;
end;
end.
OnGesture 事件中的 const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; 参数主要用于识别手势信息;
前面用过 EventInfo.GestureID, 还有 EventInfo.Location 给出了手势动作的起点坐标, 测试代码:
procedure TForm1.FormGesture(Sender: TObject; const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; var Handled: Boolean); begin ShowMessage(Format('X:%d; Y:%d', [EventInfo.Location.X, EventInfo.Location.Y])); end;
EventInfo 是个结构, 里面还有更多信息; 在没有触摸屏的情况下, 其它有可能都用不上了.
OnGesture 事件中还有一个 var 参数 Handled: Boolean;
Handled 过来的值是 False, 我们一般可以写上一句 Handled := True;
如果 Handled = False 这个触摸动作将继续向上层控件去寻找相应.
首先应该知道, 现在包括窗体在内的诸多控件都有了 GestureManager 属性和 OnGesture 事件…
譬如我们在 Panel 和其窗体上同时设置了手势, 就可以看到 Handled 参数的作用.
添加 TGestureManager 后, 双击其图标即可进入自定义手势编辑;
编辑框中, Sensitivity 用来调整手势响应的敏感度; 取消 Unidirectional 的勾选后反向手势也可识别; 其他都一目了然.
一个或一组手势设计可以保存为一个 dgf 文件.
通过控件属性中的 Touch -> Gestures 旁边的小按钮可查看、选择或再编辑手势.
通过和 TGestureManager 同组的 TGestureListView、TGesturePreview、TGestureRecorder 控件可设计和 Delphi 设计时一样的运行时的手势编辑(官方说: 他们的手势编辑也是使用了这几个控件).
自定义手势的 ID 分别是 -1、-2、-3 … 可在 OnGesture 事件中用于识别, 当然也可以直接给它分配 Action.
Demo下载：Temp code
演示效果:
程序代码：
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, GestureMgr, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls, ActnList;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
gstrmngr1: TGestureManager;
pnl1: TPanel;
actlst1: TActionList;
act1: TAction;
act2: TAction;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormGesture(Sender: TObject; const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo;
var Handled: Boolean);
procedure act1Execute(Sender: TObject);
procedure act2Execute(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm1.act1Execute(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage(‘Left’);
end;
procedure TForm1.act2Execute(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage(‘Right’);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
Self.Touch.GestureManager := gstrmngr1;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormGesture(Sender: TObject;
const EventInfo: TGestureEventInfo; var Handled: Boolean);
begin
ShowMessage(Sender.ClassName + ‘_Gesture’);
// case EventInfo.GestureID of
// sgiLeft : ShowMessage(‘Left’);
// sgiRight : ShowMessage(‘Right’);
// end;
end;
end.
窗体代码：
object Form1: TForm1
Left = 0
Top = 0
Caption = #24858#20154#31508#35760′-http://www.foolcode.com’
ClientHeight = 238
ClientWidth = 387
Color = clBtnFace
Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
Font.Color = clWindowText
Font.Height = -11
Font.Name = ‘Tahoma’
Font.Style = []
OldCreateOrder = False
Touch.GestureManager = gstrmngr1
OnCreate = FormCreate
OnGesture = FormGesture
PixelsPerInch = 96
TextHeight = 13
object pnl1: TPanel
Left = 183
Top = 0
Width = 204
Height = 238
Align = alRight
TabOrder = 0
Touch.GestureManager = gstrmngr1
end
object gstrmngr1: TGestureManager
Left = 192
Top = 40
GestureData = <
item
Control = Owner
Collection = <
item
GestureID = sgiLeft
end>
end
item
Control = pnl1
Collection = <
item
Action = act1
GestureID = sgiLeft
end
item
Action = act2
GestureID = sgiRight
end>
end>
end
object actlst1: TActionList
Left = 192
Top = 96
object act1: TAction
Caption = ‘act1′
OnExecute = act1Execute
end
object act2: TAction
Caption = ‘act2′
OnExecute = act2Execute
end
end
end
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