大话设计模式读书笔记之组合模式

1.定义：

将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分–整体”的层次结构。组合模式使得用户可以无差别的对待单一对象和组合对象的调用具有了一致性。

2.UML类图：

3.简单代码实现：

package com.guo.componentPattern;

public abstract class Component {

    protected String name;

    public Component(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract void add(Component c);

    public abstract void remove(Component c);

    public abstract void display(int depth);
}

package com.guo.componentPattern;


public class Leaf extends Component {

    public Leaf(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Component c) {
        System.out.println("cannot add to a leaf。。。");
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(Component c) {
        System.out.println("cannot remove from a leaf。。。");
    }

    @Override
    public void display(int depth) {
        System.out.println("name = " + name + ", 级别  = " + depth);
    }


}

package com.guo.componentPattern;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class Composite extends Component {

    private List<Component> children = new ArrayList<>();

    public Composite(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Component c) {
        children.add(c);
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(Component c) {
        children.remove(c);
    }

    @Override
    public void display(int depth) {
        System.out.println("name = " + name + ", 级别  = " + depth);
        for (Component c : children) {
            c.display(depth + 2);
        }
    }


}

package com.guo.componentPattern;

public class ComponentClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Composite root = new Composite("root");
        //给根节点添加叶子LeafA和LeafB
        root.add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
        root.add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));

        //根上长出分支CompositeX，分支上也有两叶LeafXA和LeafXB
        Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
        comp.add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
        comp.add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));
        root.add(comp);

        //在分支Composite X上长出分支Composite XY，它也有两叶Leaf XYA和Leaf XYB
        Composite comp2 = new Composite("Composite XY");
        comp2.add(new Leaf("Leaf XYA"));
        comp2.add(new Leaf("Leaf XYB"));
        comp.add(comp2);

        //在根上又长出两叶Leaf C和Leaf D，可惜Leaf D没长牢，吹走了
        root.add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));
        Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
        root.add(leaf);
        root.remove(leaf);

        //显示树的样子
        root.display(1);
    }
}

4.结构特点：

5.使用时机：

当发现需求中是体现部分与整体层次的结构时，以及希望用户可以忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同，统一地使用组合结构中的所有对象时，就应该考虑组合模式。

6.优点：