串行化 msgpack etc.

当需要将内存中的对象通过网络传输(或者以文件的方式存储)的时候，需要用到序列化。
对于基于网络的远程调(RPC)用来说，通过序列化将自定义对象通过网络传输能极大地简化系统的数据，也很容易实现 corba， wamp等功能。

通过网络传输对象时，可以使用JSON，ProtoBuf 和 MsgPack，下面简要介绍一下msgpack-c的使用：

msgpack example:

#include <msgpack.hpp>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

int main(void) 
{
      // serializes this object.
      std::vector<std::string> vec;
      vec.push_back("Hello");
      vec.push_back("MessagePack");

      // serialize it into simple buffer.
      msgpack::sbuffer sbuf;
      msgpack::pack(sbuf, vec);

     // 序列化之后再通过tcp/ip发送出去（wamp原型）：
     // boost::asio::write(socket, boost::asio::buffer(sbuf.data(), sbuf.size()));


      // 然后再远端再 deserialize it.
      msgpack::object_handle oh =
          msgpack::unpack(sbuf.data(), sbuf.size());

      // print the deserialized object.
      msgpack::object obj = oh.get();
      std::cout << obj << std::endl;  //=> ["Hello", "MessagePack"]

      // convert it into statically typed object.
      std::vector<std::string> rvec;
      obj.convert(rvec);
}

编译，运行：

$ g++ -Ipath_to_msgpack/include hello.cc -o hello
$ ./hello
["Hello", "MessagePack"]

对于自定义类型，希望通过 msgpack pack&unpack，可以通过如下模板实现（non-intrusive approach）：

struct MyClass
{
    int a;
    double int b;
    std::vector<double> c;
}


// used for pack
template <>
struct object_with_zone<MyClass>
{
    void operator()(msgpack::object::with_zone& o, MyClass const& v) const {
        o.type = type::ARRAY;
        o.via.array.size = 3;
        o.via.array.ptr = static_cast<msgpack::object*>(
            o.zone.allocate_align(sizeof(msgpack::object) * o.via.array.size));

        o.via.array.ptr[0] = msgpack::object(v.a, o.zone);
        o.via.array.ptr[1] = msgpack::object(v.b, o.zone);
        o.via.array.ptr[2] = msgpack::object(v.c, o.zone);
    }
};

// used for unpack
template <>
struct convert<MyClass>
{
    msgpack::object const& operator()(msgpack::object const& o, MyClass& v) const
    {
        if (o.type != msgpack::type::ARRAY) throw msgpack::type_error();
        if (o.via.array.size != 3) throw msgpack::type_error();
        v.a = o.via.array.ptr[0].as<int>();
        v.b = o.via.array.ptr[1].as<double>();
        v.c = o.via.array.ptr[2].as<std::vector<double>>();
        return o;
    }
};

reference link:
https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-c/wiki/v1_1_cpp_adaptor
https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack-c/blob/master/example/cpp11/container.cpp