CCS 为指针分配固定地址

为什么要分配地址

在C语言中可以使用malloc为指针申请内存，但DSP/单片机中却不能这么简单粗暴。倘若不申请内存，有时候又容易被优化掉。更有些场景为了提升代码效率，要把某些数据放在RAM中读写，而不是Flash。因此需要一种可以为指针或变量分配固定地址的方法。

在RAM或Flash中 为指针或变量分配固定地址

以DSP-TMS320F28335，在RAM中给指针分配地址为例

1. F28335的存储器地址划分（TI官方）：
2. F28335片内Flash分段：
3. 比如我们有这样一个结构体

typedef struct motor_{
    float32 encoder_zero_position;
    float32 electric_angle;
    Uint16 TB_PRD;
    float32 U_alpha_ref;
    float32 U_beta_ref;
    /*  ...... */
    /*  此处省略一些数据 */
    float32 previous_sum_speed_error;
    float32 speed_loop_KP;
    float32 speed_loop_KI;
} State;

还有这样一个结构指针

State *motor1;

4. 在"DSP2833x_Headers_nonBIOS.cmd"或"F28335.cmd"文件中，分配存储空间（若默认已分配 则无需修改）：

MEMORY
{
PAGE 0:    /* Program Memory */
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE1 for data allocation */

   ZONE0       : origin = 0x004000, length = 0x001000     /* XINTF zone 0 */
   RAML0       : origin = 0x008000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L0 */
   RAML1       : origin = 0x009000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
   RAML2       : origin = 0x00A000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L2 */
   RAML3       : origin = 0x00B000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L3 */
   ZONE6       : origin = 0x0100000, length = 0x100000    /* XINTF zone 6 */ 
   ZONE7A      : origin = 0x0200000, length = 0x00FC00    /* XINTF zone 7 - program space */ 
   FLASHH      : origin = 0x300000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHG      : origin = 0x308000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHF      : origin = 0x310000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHE      : origin = 0x318000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHD      : origin = 0x320000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHC      : origin = 0x328000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */
   FLASHA      : origin = 0x330000, length = 0x00FF80
   CSM_RSVD    : origin = 0x33FF80, length = 0x000076     /* Part of FLASHA.  Program with all 0x0000 when CSM is in use. */
   BEGIN       : origin = 0x33FFF6, length = 0x000002     /* Part of FLASHA.  Used for "boot to Flash" bootloader mode. */
   CSM_PWL     : origin = 0x33FFF8, length = 0x000008     /* Part of FLASHA.  CSM password locations in FLASHA */
   OTP         : origin = 0x380400, length = 0x000400     /* on-chip OTP */
   ADC_CAL     : origin = 0x380080, length = 0x000009     /* ADC_cal function in Reserved memory */
   
   IQTABLES    : origin = 0x3FE000, length = 0x000b50     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */
   IQTABLES2   : origin = 0x3FEB50, length = 0x00008c     /* IQ Math Tables in Boot ROM */  
   FPUTABLES   : origin = 0x3FEBDC, length = 0x0006A0     /* FPU Tables in Boot ROM */
   ROM         : origin = 0x3FF27C, length = 0x000D44     /* Boot ROM */        
   RESET       : origin = 0x3FFFC0, length = 0x000002     /* part of boot ROM  */
   VECTORS     : origin = 0x3FFFC2, length = 0x00003E     /* part of boot ROM  */

PAGE 1 :   /* Data Memory */
           /* Memory (RAM/FLASH/OTP) blocks can be moved to PAGE0 for program allocation */
           /* Registers remain on PAGE1                                                  */
   
   BOOT_RSVD   : origin = 0x000000, length = 0x000050     /* Part of M0, BOOT rom will use this for stack */
   RAMM0       : origin = 0x000050, length = 0x000080     /* on-chip RAM block M0 */
   RAMM1       : origin = 0x0000D0, length = 0x000730     /* on-chip RAM block M1 */
   RAML4       : origin = 0x00C000, length = 0x002500     /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
/*   RAML5       : origin = 0x00D000, length = 0x001000 */    /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
   RAML6       : origin = 0x00E600, length = 0x000300     /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
   RAML7       : origin = 0x00F000, length = 0x001000     /* on-chip RAM block L1 */
   ZONE7B      : origin = 0x20FC00, length = 0x000400     /* XINTF zone 7 - data space */
   FLASHB      : origin = 0x330000, length = 0x008000     /* on-chip FLASH */

}

5. 在CCS的Memory Allocation窗口看一下未使用的存储空间（比如RAML2）
   
6. 然后在SECTIONS中指定RAML2用来存放State结构

SECTIONS
{
/* ***************略************* */
/* 原来SECTIONS中的东西不要动 */

    /*只添加这一行即可*/
   State			   : > RAML2     PAGE = 0

/* ***************略************* */

}

7. 在主函数之前，使用编译预处理指令，指定指针motor1的存放地址

#pragma DATA_SECTION (motor1, "State");

8. 最后编译下就行了，可以在Memory Allocation看到RAML2分配了空间State给结构指针motor1

RAM不够用的话，可以在Flash中分配空间

同样的方法，比如放在FLASHC中

SECTIONS
{
/* ***************略************* */
    /*只改动这一行即可*/
   State			   : > FLASHC     PAGE = 0
/* ***************略************* */
}

F28335的Flash大的很，尽管用，可以多用一些牺牲空间换时间的操作~