HarmonyOS之页面开发

软件下载地址：https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/develop/deveco-studio#download
当前使用版本号：deveco-studio-2.1.0.303

1、使用XML方式开发页面

使用DependentLayout布局，通过Text和Button组件来实现

1.1、创建项目

过程与HarmonyOS之Hello World一样，目录结构如下：

1.2、页面布局

resource/base/graphic/ability_main.xml的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="Hello Harmony"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="32fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="nice"
        ohos:text_size="19fp"
        ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:right_padding="70vp"
        ohos:left_padding="70vp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:below="$id:text"
        ohos:margin="10vp"/>
</DependentLayout>

1.3、设置按钮样式

在resource/base/graphic文件夹下创建名为background_button.xml的文件，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners
        ohos:radius="100"/>
    <!--按钮颜色-->
    <solid
        ohos:color="#FF2D2529"/>
</shape>

1.4、引用文件

引用background_button.xml文件，修改resource/base/layout/ability_main.xml文件，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_parent">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="Hello Harmony"
        ohos:text_color="#000000"
        ohos:text_size="32fp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="nice"
        ohos:text_size="19fp"
        ohos:text_color="#FFFFFF"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:right_padding="70vp"
        ohos:left_padding="70vp"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:below="$id:text"
        ohos:margin="10vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_button"/>
</DependentLayout>

1.5、在Java中加载XML布局

在src/main/java/com/example/myapplicationpage/slice/MainAbilitySlice.java文件中加载XML布局，无需改动，代码如下：

package com.example.myapplicationpage.slice;

import com.example.myapplicationpage.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        //加载XML布局
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

1.6、运行项目

在虚拟机上运行效果，如下：

2、使用Java方式开发页面

新建src/main/java/com/example/myapplicationpage/slice/SecondAbilitySlice.java文件代码如下：

package com.example.myapplicationpage.slice;

import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.colors.RgbColor;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.element.ShapeElement;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout.LayoutConfig;

public class SecondAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);

        // 声明布局
        DependentLayout myLayout = new DependentLayout(this);

        // 设置布局宽高
        myLayout.setWidth(LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT);
        myLayout.setHeight(LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT);

        // 设置布局背景为白色
        ShapeElement background = new ShapeElement();
        background.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(255, 255, 255));
        myLayout.setBackground(background);

        // 创建一个文本
        Text text = new Text(this);
        text.setText("你好 鸿蒙");
        text.setWidth(LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT);
        text.setTextSize(100);
        text.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);

        // 设置文本的布局
        DependentLayout.LayoutConfig textConfig = new DependentLayout.LayoutConfig(LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT, LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
        textConfig.addRule(LayoutConfig.CENTER_IN_PARENT);
        text.setLayoutConfig(textConfig);
        myLayout.addComponent(text);
        super.setUIContent(myLayout);
    }
}

3、实现页面跳转

3.1、代码实现

修改src/main/java/com/example/myapplicationpage/slice/MainAbilitySlice.java文件，代码如下：

package com.example.myapplicationpage.slice;

import com.example.myapplicationpage.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);

        // 点击按钮跳转至第二个页面
        button.setClickedListener(listener -> present(new SecondAbilitySlice(), new Intent()));
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

3.2、运行项目

在虚拟机中运行项目，效果如下：

点击按钮跳转页面（反应有点慢，请淡定等待）