分布式事务

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已于 2023-08-22 22:56:39 修改

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分类专栏：微服务解决方案文章标签：分布式 spring boot

于 2023-08-22 15:06:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/GZ946/article/details/132427632

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分布式事务

背景
seata 简介
搭建seata 1.6.1服务
实战（整合springboot）
代码地址

背景

为什么我们需要分布式事务？

对分布式项目，都不是不同的服务，连接不同的数据源，如果一段代码里面调用其他服务，某一个服务失败，进行业务回滚，这时就需要分布式事务进行控制

如图所示
在这里插入图片描述

seata 简介

面向微服务架构的高性能、易用的分布式事务解决方案

概念

事务协调员（TC）：维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局提交或回滚。
事务管理器（TM）：定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
资源管理器（RM）：管理分支事务工作的资源，与 TC 通信以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务的提交或回滚。
生命周期
TM 要求 TC 开始一项新的全局交易。TC 生成一个代表全局事务的 XID。
XID 通过微服务的调用链传播。
RM 向 TC 注册本地事务，作为 XID 对应的全局事务的分支。
TM 要求 TC 提交或回滚 XID 对应的全局事务。
TC 驱动 XID 对应的全局事务下的所有分支事务完成分支提交或回滚

在这里插入图片描述

搭建seata 1.6.1服务

数据库表

-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_status_gmt_modified` (`status` , `gmt_modified`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(128),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `status`         TINYINT      NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0:locked ,1:rollbacking',
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_status` (`status`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `distributed_lock`
(
    `lock_key`       CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `lock_value`     VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    `expire`         BIGINT,
    primary key (`lock_key`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('AsyncCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryCommitting', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('RetryRollbacking', ' ', 0);
INSERT INTO `distributed_lock` (lock_key, lock_value, expire) VALUES ('TxTimeoutCheck', ' ', 0);

docker 部署

第一步：获取镜像

docker pull seataio/seata-server:1.6.1

第二步：

docker run -d -p 8091:8091 -p 7091:7091  --name seata-serve seataio/seata-server:latest
//把容器中配置文件复制到本机上
docker cp seata-serve:/seata-server/resources /User/seata/config

第三步：
可以选择修改application.yml再cp进容器,或者rm临时容器,如下重新创建,并做好映射路径设置

 docker run --name seata-server \
        -p 8091:8091 \
        -p 7091:7091 \
        -v /User/seata/config:/seata-server/resources  \
        seataio/seata-server

实战（整合springboot）

数据库表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log`  (
  `id` bigint(0) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'increment id',
  `branch_id` bigint(0) NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',
  `xid` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',
  `context` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',
  `log_status` int(0) NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',
  `log_created` datetime(0) NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',
  `log_modified` datetime(0) NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
  UNIQUE INDEX `ux_undo_log`(`xid`, `branch_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = 'AT transaction mode undo table' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

pom.xml

 <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 8088

spring:
  application:
    name: seata-client
  datasource:
    master:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.10:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&userSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
      username: root
      password: 123456

    second:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.10.10:3306/test2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&userSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
      username: root
      password: 123456


seata:
  enable: true
  data-source-proxy-mode: AT
  enable-auto-data-source-proxy: true
  service:
    vgroup-mapping:
      default_tx_group: default
      disable-global-transaction: false
      tx-service-group: default_tx_group
    grouplist:
      default: 192.168.10.10:8091

controller

package com.gz.distributed.seata.controller;

import com.gz.distributed.seata.service.impl.AccountService;
import com.gz.distributed.seata.service.impl.OrderService;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class TestSeataController {

    private final OrderService orderService;

    private final AccountService accountService;
    @GetMapping(value = "test-tx")
    @GlobalTransactional
    public Object testCommit() {
        //账号服务，抛异常
        int count = accountService.count();
        //订单服务更新订单
        int updateResult=orderService.update();

        return "ok";

    }
}

config

package com.gz.distributed.seata.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
// 扫描 Mapper 接口并容器管理
@MapperScan(basePackages = MasterDataSourceConfig.PACKAGE, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "masterSqlSessionFactory")
public class MasterDataSourceConfig {

    // 精确到 master 目录，以便跟其他数据源隔离
    static final String PACKAGE = "com.gz.distributed.seata.mapper.master";
    static final String MAPPER_LOCATION = "classpath:mapper/master/*.xml";

    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.username}")
    private String user;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.master.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClass;

    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
    @Primary
    public DataSource masterDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClass);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(user);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean(name = "masterTransactionManager")
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(masterDataSource());
    }

    @Bean(name = "masterSqlSessionFactory")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory masterSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource)
            throws Exception {
        final SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(masterDataSource);
        sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
                .getResources(MasterDataSourceConfig.MAPPER_LOCATION));
        return sessionFactory.getObject();
    }
}



package com.gz.distributed.seata.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
// 扫描 Mapper 接口并容器管理
@MapperScan(basePackages = SecondDataSourceConfig.PACKAGE, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "secondSqlSessionFactory")
public class SecondDataSourceConfig {

    // 精确到 cluster 目录，以便跟其他数据源隔离
    static final String PACKAGE = "com.gz.distributed.seata.mapper.second";
    static final String MAPPER_LOCATION = "classpath:mapper/second/*.xml";

    @Value("${spring.datasource.second.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.second.username}")
    private String user;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.second.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource..second.driver-class-name}")
    private String driverClass;

    @Bean(name = "secondDataSource")
    public DataSource clusterDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClass);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(user);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondTransactionManager")
    public DataSourceTransactionManager clusterTransactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(clusterDataSource());
    }

    @Bean(name = "secondSqlSessionFactory")
    public SqlSessionFactory clusterSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("secondDataSource") DataSource clusterDataSource)
            throws Exception {
        final SqlSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(clusterDataSource);
        sessionFactory.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
                .getResources(SecondDataSourceConfig.MAPPER_LOCATION));
        return sessionFactory.getObject();
    }
}

mapper

public interface OrderMapper {
    int update();
}
public interface AccountMapper {
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.gz.distributed.seata.mapper.master.OrderMapper">
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap"
               type="com.gz.distributed.seata.entity.Order">
        <id column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" property="id"/>
        <id column="num" jdbcType="BIGINT" property="num"/>

    </resultMap>

    <update id="update">
        update `order` set num=6;

    </update>

</mapper>

service

public interface OrderService {
    int update();

}
@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    private final OrderMapper orderMapper;
    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public int update() {

        return orderMapper.update();
    }
}
public interface AccountService {
    int count();

}
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{
    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public int count() {

        //模拟抛出异常
       /* int numOne=0;
        int numTwo=10;*/
        return 1;
    }
}

项目结构代码

代码地址

https://gitee.com/GZ-jelly/microservice-sample

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分布式事务

面向微服务架构的高性能、易用的分布式事务解决方案概念事务协调员（TC）：维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局提交或回滚。事务管理器（TM）：定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。资源管理器（RM）：管理分支事务工作的资源，与 TC 通信以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务的提交或回滚。生命周期TM 要求 TC 开始一项新的全局交易。TC 生成一个代表全局事务的 XID。XID 通过微服务的调用链传播。
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