UDP的点对点,广播,组播

文章链接:https://codemouse.online/archives/2020-03-01-235956

UDP应用

• UDP的点对点通信

  路由器是不转发广播包的

  交换机会转发广播数据包

• UDP广播数据包

  广播只能在一个广播域(局域网)中传播,而不能跨网段传播

• 组播数据包

  能够在组播组中进行传播的,并且路由器可以进行组播数据转发

• 如何识别广播包

  MAC: 目的MAC是ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

  IP: 10.0.0.0/8 ----> 10.255.255.255这个网段

  ​ 192.168.0.1/24 ---->192.168.0.255这个网段

设置UDP

• 对socket进行设置(组播,广播…)

  int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
  int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int optname,const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);
  

• 通过tcpdump语句,抓包

  tcpdump -i eth0 -w ./xxx.pacp

一个简单的udp-Demo点对点

• 服务端

  // 创建sock
  int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  // 初始化对端地址信息
  struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
  s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  s_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
  int addr_len;
  // 绑定
  bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &s_addr, sizeof(s_addr));
  // 接收
  char buff[128];
  struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
  addr_len = sizeof(c_addr);
  recvfrom(sock, buff, sizeof(buff) - 1, 0,(struct sockaddr *) &c_addr, &addr_len);
  printf("recive come from %s:%d message:%s\n\r",
  			inet_ntoa(c_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(c_addr.sin_port), buff);
  

• 客户端:

  // 创建sock
  int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  // 初始化对端地址信息
  struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
  s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  s_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
  // 发送
  int addr_len;
  char *buff = "i am here";
  sendto(sock, buff, strlen(buff), 0,(struct sockaddr *) &s_addr, addr_len);
  
  

通过udp实现一个广播

• 服务器如上,没有什么区别

• 客户端:在普通udp基础上添加一个广播包设置

  // 创建sock
  int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  // 初始化对端地址信息
  struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
  s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  s_addr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
  // 设置为广播包
  int yes = 1;
  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &yes, sizeof(yes));	
  // 发送
  int addr_len;
  char *buff = "i am here";
  sendto(sock, buff, strlen(buff), 0,(struct sockaddr *) &s_addr, addr_len);
  

通过udp实现组播

• 解析域名得到的hostent结构体

  #include <netdb.h>
  struct hostent {
      char  *h_name;            /* official name of host */
      char **h_aliases;         /* alias list */
      int    h_addrtype;        /* host address type */
      int    h_length;          /* length of address */
      char **h_addr_list;       /* list of addresses */
  }
  

• 服务端:解析域名写法

  struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
  struct in_addr ia;
  unsigned int socklen;
  struct hostent *group;
  struct ip_mreq mreq;
  
  int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  
  bzero(&mreq, sizeof(struct ip_mreq));
  // 解析域名
  if (argv[1]) 
  {
      if ((group = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == (struct hostent *) 0) 
      {
          perror("gethostbyname");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
  } 
  else 
  {
      printf("you should give me a group address, 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  // 获取到组播地址
  bcopy((void *) group->h_addr, (void *) &ia, group->h_length);
  bcopy(&ia, &mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));
  // 设置入口地址
  if (argv[2]) {
      // inet_pton 转换ip为二进制
      if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &mreq.imr_interface.s_addr) <= 0) 
      {	
          printf("Wrong dest IP address!\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
  } 
  else
      mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
  
  // 设置组播,将自己的的地址加入到组播中
  if (setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq,sizeof(struct ip_mreq)) == -1) 
  {
      perror("setsockopt");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  // 绑定自己的地址
  socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
  memset(&peeraddr, 0, socklen);
  peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  peeraddr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  bcopy((void *) group->h_addr, (void *) &peeraddr.sin_addr, group->h_length);
  
  if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1) 
  {
      printf("Bind error\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  // 获取对端信息
  #define BUFFLEN 1024
  while(1)
  {
  	char recmsg[BUFLEN+1] = {0};
  	socklen_t addrLen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
  	printf("ready 2 recv\n");
  	int recvRet = recvfrom(sockfd, recmsg, BUFLEN, 0,(struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr, &socklen);
  	if (-1 == recvRet)
  	{
  		perror("recvfrom fail\n");
  		break;
  	}
  	printf("recvfrom recmsg is %s\n",recmsg);
  }
  
  

• 服务器:直接利用地址写法

  int sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
  if (-1 == sockfd)
  {
      perror("socket fail\n");
      return -3;
  }
  printf("socket succ\n");
  
  struct ip_mreq mreq;
  memset(&mreq,0,sizeof(struct ip_mreq));
  mreq.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
  // 设置组播地址
  mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
  // 将设定的地址绑定到组播中
  int setoptret = setsockopt(sockfd,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,&mreq,sizeof(struct ip_mreq));
  if (-1 == setoptret)
  {
      perror("setsockopt fail\n");
      return -4;
  }
  unsigned int socklen;
  struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
  memset(&peeraddr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
  peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  peeraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2]);
  peeraddr.sin_port = htons(7838);
  
  if (-1 == bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)(&peeraddr),sizeof(struct sockaddr)))
  {
      perror("bind fail\n");
      return -5;
  }
  
  #define BUFFLEN 1024
  while(1)
  {
      char recmsg[BUFLEN+1] = {0};
      printf("ready 2 recv\n");
      int recvRet = recvfrom(sockfd, recmsg, BUFLEN, 0,(struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr, &socklen);
      if (-1 == recvRet)
      {
          perror("recvfrom fail\n");
          break;
      }
      printf("recvfrom recmsg is %s\n",recmsg);
  }
  
  

• 客户端

  #deine BUFLEN 1024
  struct sockaddr_in peeraddr, myaddr;
  char recmsg[BUFLEN + 1];
  unsigned int socklen;
  int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);	
  if (sockfd < 0)
  {
      printf("socket creating error\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  // 先设置组播地址,和端口
  socklen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
  memset(&peeraddr, 0, socklen);
  peeraddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  peeraddr.sin_port = htons(7838);	
  //peeraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
  if (argv[1]) {					
      if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &peeraddr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
          printf("wrong group address!\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
  } 
  else {
      printf("no group address!\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  // 设置自己的地址,等待接受
  memset(&myaddr, 0, socklen);
  myaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  myaddr.sin_port = htons(23456);	
  //myaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2]);
  if (argv[2]) {				
      if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[2], &myaddr.sin_addr) <= 0) 
      {
          printf("self ip address error!\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }
  } else
      myaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
  
  // 绑定自己的地址
  if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &myaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == -1) 
  {								
      printf("Bind error\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  for (;;) {
      bzero(recmsg, BUFLEN + 1);
      printf("input message to send:");
      if (fgets(recmsg, BUFLEN, stdin) == (char *) EOF)	
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);;
      if (sendto(sockfd, recmsg, strlen(recmsg), 0,(struct sockaddr *) &peeraddr,
                 sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) 			
      {
          printf("sendto error!\n");
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);;
      }
      printf("sned message:%s", recmsg);	
  }