springCloud入门(一)

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-17 19:48:03 发布

智航云科技

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-17 19:48:03 发布

阅读量255

点赞数 1

分类专栏：新星计划 springCloud 文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/G_whang/article/details/117637785

版权

新星计划同时被 2 个专栏收录

19 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

springCloud

5 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

Spring Cloud是在Spring Boot基础上构建的，用于快速构建分布式系统的通用模式的工具集。
核心功能

Distributed/versioned configuration 分布式/版本化的配置管理
Service registration and discovery 服务注册与服务发现
Routing 路由
Service-to-service calls 端到端的调用
Load balancing 负载均衡
Circuit Breakers 断路器
Global locks 全局锁
Leadership election and cluster state 选举与集群状态管理
Distributed messaging 分布式消息

以图书馆预约为例，用户服务调用图书馆服务进行预约。如用户服务向图书馆服务发起一个请求，查询当前是否有位置，是否还能预约，预约需要带什么东西，等等。
这个时候用户服务就是一个消费者，图书馆服务就是提供者，服务提供者向服务消费者提供服务，以便消费者使用

Spring Boot/Spring Cloud时代后，应用开发基本遵循三板斧：

加依赖
加注解
写配置
编写服务提供者[图书馆服务]
test-provider-library
引入pom相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>test-provider-library</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test-provider-library</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入H2数据库，一种内嵌的数据库，语法类似MySQL -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- 引入spring cloud的依赖，不能少，主要用来管理Spring Cloud生态各组件的版本 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.SR2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

创建实体类

package com.example.testproviderlibrary.pojo;

import lombok.*;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * 图书馆信息
 *
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
@Entity
// 为类提供一个无参的构造方法。
@NoArgsConstructor
// 为类提供一个全参的构造方法
@AllArgsConstructor
public class LibraryInfo {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    /**
     * 图书馆名称
     */
    @Column
    private String name;

    /**
     * 图书馆地址
     */
    @Column
    private String address;

    /**
     * 总座位数
     */
    @Column
    private Integer number;

    /**
     * 可预约数量
     */
    @Column
    private Integer count;

}

创建dao

package com.example.testproviderlibrary.dao;

import com.example.testproviderlibrary.pojo.LibraryInfo;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface LibraryDao extends JpaRepository<LibraryInfo,Long> {
}

创建Service

package com.example.testproviderlibrary.service;

import com.example.testproviderlibrary.dao.LibraryDao;
import com.example.testproviderlibrary.pojo.LibraryInfo;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Optional;

@Service
//可以代替@AutoWired注解，需要注意的是在注入时需要用final定义，或者使用@notnull注解
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class LibraryService {


    private final LibraryDao libraryDao;

    public Optional<LibraryInfo> findById(Long id){
        return this.libraryDao.findById(id);
    }


}

创建controller

package com.example.testproviderlibrary.controller;

import com.example.testproviderlibrary.pojo.LibraryInfo;
import com.example.testproviderlibrary.service.LibraryService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Optional;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/library")
public class LibraryController {

    @Autowired
    private LibraryService libraryService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public LibraryInfo findById(@PathVariable Long id){
        Optional<LibraryInfo> libraryInfo = this.libraryService.findById(id);
        return libraryInfo.get();
    }

}

编写启动类

package com.example.testproviderlibrary;

import com.example.testproviderlibrary.dao.LibraryDao;
import com.example.testproviderlibrary.pojo.LibraryInfo;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

@SpringBootApplication
public class TestProviderLibraryApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestProviderLibraryApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 使用内置数据库h2 初始化数据
     */
    @Bean
    ApplicationRunner init (LibraryDao repository){
        return args ->{
            LibraryInfo libraryInfo1=LibraryInfo.builder().id(1L).name("前门图书馆")
                    .address("东城区前门东大街").number(1000).count(20).build();
            LibraryInfo libraryInfo2=LibraryInfo.builder().id(2L).name("青年路图书馆")
                    .address("丰台区青年路").number(500).count(10).build();
            LibraryInfo libraryInfo3=LibraryInfo.builder().id(2L).name("大地图书馆")
                    .address("昌平区上地八街").number(800).count(2).build();
            Stream.of(libraryInfo1,libraryInfo2,libraryInfo3).forEach(repository :: save);


        };
    }

}

配置类

  server:
    # 指定Tomcat端口
    port: 8000
  spring:
    jpa:
    # 让hibernate打印执行的SQL
     show-sql: true
  logging:
    level:
     root: INFO
     # 配置日志级别，让hibernate打印出执行的SQL参数
     org.hibernate: INFO
     org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
     org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE

启动测试

http://localhost:8000/library/1

{"id":1,"name":"前门图书馆","address":"东城区前门东大街","number":1000,"count":20}

编写服务消费者[用户服务]
test-consumer-user

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>test-consumer-user</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>test-consumer-user</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

编写实体类

package com.example.testconsumeruser.pojo;

import lombok.*;

/**
 * 图书馆信息
 *
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
// 为类提供一个全参的构造方法
@AllArgsConstructor
public class LibraryInfo {


    private Long id;

    /**
     * 图书馆名称
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * 图书馆地址
     */
    private String address;

    /**
     * 总座位数
     */
    private Integer number;

    /**
     * 可预约数量
     */
    private Integer count;

}

编写启动类

package com.example.testconsumeruser;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class TestConsumerUserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestConsumerUserApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();

    }

}

编写controller

package com.example.testconsumeruser.controller;

import com.example.testconsumeruser.pojo.LibraryInfo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/library/{id}")
    public LibraryInfo findById(@PathVariable Long id){
        // 这里用到了RestTemplate的占位符能力
        LibraryInfo forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8000/library/{id}", LibraryInfo.class, id);

        return forObject;
    }

}