c提高3-文件

文件操作

文件分类

按文件的逻辑结构：

• 记录文件
• 流式文件

按存储介质：

• 普通文件
• 设备文件

按数据的组织形式：

• 文本文件
• 二进制文件

文件api

文件读写：

• fgetc,fputc，字符读写
• fgets,fputs，行读写
• fread,fwrite，块读写，格式化读写

文件控制；文件是否结束；文件指针的定位、跳转。

文件名有两种写法：c:\\1.txt，c:/2.txt。后者在windows和linux下通用。

文件打开模式：

w+：打开文件并读写。文件若不存在，则创建文件; 文件存在，则清空.

r+：打开文件并读写。文件若不存在，则报错文件不存在。

a+：打开文件并读添。文件若不存在，则创建文件。打开后读取时，在文件开头位置； 写入时，添加到文章末尾，并且指针位于添加后的末尾，所以再次读取会乱码。

/*
	字符读写和行读写
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char *filename = "1.txt";
	char a[10] = "abcdefg";
	char buf[26];
	
	int i;
	int len = strlen(a);
	fp = fopen(filename,"w+");
	if(fp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen() error.");
		return -1;
	}
	printf("fopen()\n\n");
	
	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		fputc(a[i],fp);
	}
	printf("fputc()...\n");
	rewind(fp);
	printf("rewind()...\n");
	while(!feof(fp))
	{
		printf("%c",fgetc(fp));
	}
	printf("\n\n");
	
//	rewind(fp);
//	printf("rewind()...");
	fputs("\nhigk",fp);
	printf("fputs(\"\\nhigk\",fp)...\n");
	rewind(fp);
	printf("rewind()...\n");
	while(!feof(fp))
	{
		//char* fgets (char* buf, int max_bufsize, FILE* fp);  
		// return buf; 
		// end with \n\0
		char *p = fgets(buf,26,fp); 
		if(p == NULL)
		{
			perror("fgets() error.");
			if(fp != NULL)
			{
				fclose(fp);
				fp = NULL;
				return 0;
			}
		}
		printf("%s",p);
	}
	printf("\n\n");
	
	
	if(fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
		fp = NULL;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

/*
	块读写
*/
#include<stdio.h>

struct Person{
	char name[10];
	int age;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct Person persons[3];
	struct Person persons_read[3];
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char *filename = "person.data";
	int i;
	int retn;
	int length = sizeof(struct Person);
	
	fp = fopen(filename,"wb+");
	if(fp == NULL)
	{
		perror("fopen() error.");
		return -1;
	}
	printf("fopen()\n\n");
	
	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		sprintf(persons[i].name,"foobar%d",i+1);
		persons[i].age = i + 10;
	}
	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		//size_t fwrite (const void * ptr, size_t size, size_t count, FILE * stream);
		// count : how many times to write.
		// return the number of times that writes successfully.
		retn = fwrite(&persons[i],length,1,fp);
	}
	printf("fwrite() 3 times.\n");
	
	rewind(fp);
	printf("rewind()...\n");
	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		retn = fread(&persons_read[i],length,1,fp);
	}
	printf("fread() 3 times.\n");
	for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		printf("name:%s, age:%d\n",persons_read[i].name,persons_read[i].age);
	}
	
	if(fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
		fp = NULL;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

配置文件项目示例

/*
	main.c
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include "cfg_op.h"



void menu();
int TestWriteCfg();
int TestReadCfg();

int main()
{
	int choose;
	
	while (1)
	{
		menu();
		printf("please input your choice:");
		scanf_s("%d",&choose);
		fflush(stdin);
		switch (choose)
		{
		case 1:
			TestWriteCfg();
			break;
		case 2:
			TestReadCfg();
			break;
		case 0:
			exit(0);
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void menu()
{
	printf("=================\n");
	printf("1 write config file test.\n");
	printf("2 read  config file test.\n");
	printf("0 exit\n");
	printf("=================\n");
}

int TestReadCfg()
{
	char	name[BUFSIZE] = { 0 };
	char	value[BUFSIZE] = { 0 };
	int		ret;
	int		valuelen;

	printf("please input the key:");
	scanf_s("%s", name, BUFSIZE);
	fflush(stdin);

	ret = GetCfgItem(CFGNAME, name, value, &valuelen);
	if (ret != 0)
	{
		return ret;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("%s = %s\n", name, value);
	}
	return ret;
}
int TestWriteCfg()
{
	char name[BUFSIZE] = {0};
	char value[BUFSIZE] = {0};
	int ret;

	printf("please input the key:");
	scanf_s("%s",name, BUFSIZE);
	fflush(stdin);
	printf("please input the value:");
	scanf_s("%s", value, BUFSIZE);
	fflush(stdin);
	ret = WriteCfgItem(CFGNAME, name, value, strlen(value));
	if (ret != 0)
	{
		perror("WriteCfgItem() error.");
		return ret;
	}
	getchar();
	return ret;
}

/*
	cfg_op.h
*/
//#pragma once
#ifndef __CFG_OP_H__
#define __CFG_OP_H__

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#define BUFSIZE 1024
#define CFGNAME "mycfg.ini"
int GetCfgItem(char *pFilename, char *pKey, char *pValue, int *pValueLen);
int WriteCfgItem(char *pFilename, char *pKey, char *pValue, int itemValueLen);


#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif

/*
	cfg_op.c
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include "cfg_op.h"
int GetCfgItem(char *pFilename, char *pKey, char *pValue, int *pValueLen)
{
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char lineBuf[BUFSIZE];
	char *ptmp = NULL, *pbegin = NULL, *pend = NULL;
	int ret;
	int flag = 0;

	ret = fopen_s(&fp,pFilename,"r");
	if (ret != 0)
	{
		printf("fopen_s() error.");
		return ret;
	}

	while (!feof(fp) && flag == 0)
	{
		memset(lineBuf, 0, BUFSIZE); 
		fgets(lineBuf,BUFSIZE,fp);

		//confirm firstly
		ptmp = strstr(lineBuf, pKey);
		if(ptmp == NULL)
		{
			continue;
		}
		ptmp = strchr(lineBuf, '=');
		if (ptmp == NULL)
		{
			continue;
		}

		
		ptmp = strchr(lineBuf, '=') + 1;
		//printf("%s = %s", pKey, ptmp);
		//strip the spaces
		while (1)
		{
			if (*ptmp == ' ')
			{
				ptmp++;
			}
			else
			{
				pbegin = ptmp;
				if (*pbegin == '\n')
				{
					printf("%s has no value.\n",pKey);
					fclose(fp);
					fp = NULL;
					return -1;
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		while (1)
		{
			if (*ptmp == ' ' || *ptmp == '\n')
			{
				pend = ptmp;
				break;
			}
			else
			{
				ptmp++;
			}
		}
		flag = 1;
		
	}

	if (fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
		fp = NULL;
	}

	if (flag == 1)
	{
		// found
		*pValueLen = pend - pbegin;
		memcpy(pValue,pbegin,*pValueLen);
		//strcpy_s(pValue, *pValueLen, pbegin); //error. For there is no '\0'.
		pValue[*pValueLen] = '\0';
	}
	else
	{
		printf("key [ %s ] not found.\n",pKey);
		return -2;
	}

	

	return 0;
}
int WriteCfgItem(char *pFilename, char *pKey, char *pValue, int itemValueLen)
{
	/*
		if file exists(branch 1):
			if pKey exists: flag = 1, recreate the file.
			else:			add pKey = pValue directly.
		else(branch 2):
			create the file, write key-value, then return.
	*/
	FILE *fp = NULL;
	char lineBuf[BUFSIZE] = {0};
	char fileBuf[BUFSIZE * 8] = { 0 };
	char *ptmp = NULL;
	int ret;
	long filelen;
	int flag = 0;  // 0 : key not exists.

	// r+ mode firstly
	ret = fopen_s(&fp,pFilename,"r+");
	if (ret != 0)
	{
		ret = fopen_s(&fp, pFilename, "w+");
		if (ret != 0)
		{
			printf("fopen_s(filename,\"wt+\") error: %d\n",ret);
			//perror("fopen_s(filename,\"wt+\") error.");
			return ret;
		}

		/*
			branch 2
		*/
		fprintf(fp, "%s = %s\n", pKey, pValue);
		fclose(fp);
		fp = NULL;
		return 0;

	}

	/*
		branch 1
	*/
	//check whether the file size is greater than BUFSIZE
	fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_END);
	filelen = ftell(fp);
	if (filelen > BUFSIZE * 8)
	{
		if (fp != NULL)
		{
			fclose(fp);
			fp = NULL;
			return -1;
		}
	}
	fseek(fp,0L,SEEK_SET);
	
	while(!feof(fp))
	{
		memset(lineBuf, 0, BUFSIZE);
		ptmp = fgets(lineBuf,BUFSIZE,fp);
		if (ptmp == NULL)
		{
			//printf("fgets() error.\n");
			break;
		}

		ptmp = strstr(lineBuf,pKey);
		if (ptmp == NULL)
		{
			strcat_s(fileBuf,sizeof(fileBuf),pKey);
			continue;
		}
		else
		{
			/*
				the key exists. we should overlay it.
			*/
			flag = 1;
			sprintf_s(lineBuf,BUFSIZE,"%s = %s\n",pKey,pValue);
			strcat_s(fileBuf, sizeof(fileBuf), lineBuf);
			
			break;
		}
	}
	

	if (flag == 0)  //the key doesn't exist. Write directly.
	{
		fprintf(fp, "%s = %s\n", pKey, pValue);
	}
	else			//the key exists. Recreate the file.
	{	
		ret = fopen_s(&fp, pFilename, "w+");
		if (ret != 0)
		{
			printf("fopen_s(filename,\"w+\") error.\n");
				return ret;
		}
		fputs(fileBuf,fp);
	}

	if (fp != NULL)
	{
		fclose(fp);
		fp = NULL;
	}

	return 0;
}

大文件加解密

功能实现；

1. 加解密接口测试
2. 过程：数据move/copy–>加解密
3. 数据加解密有两种：有padding和无padding