p(X=k)=pk(1−p)1−k
p
(
X
=
k
)
=
p
k
(
1
−
p
)
1
−
k
,k=0,1
E(X)=p
D(X)=p(1-p)
二项分布 X~b(n,p)
p(X=k)=Cknpk(1−p)n−k
p
(
X
=
k
)
=
C
n
k
p
k
(
1
−
p
)
n
−
k
E(X)=np
D(X)=np(1-p)
泊松分布 X~π(λ)
π
(
λ
)
p(X=k)=λke−λk!
p
(
X
=
k
)
=
λ
k
e
−
λ
k
!
E(X)=λ
λ
D(X)=λ
λ
均匀分布 X~U(a,b)
f(x)={1b−a,0,a<x<belseE(X)=a+b2D(X)=(b−a)212F(X)=⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪0,x−ab−a,1,x<aa≤x<bx≥b
f
(
x
)
=
{
1
b
−
a
,
a
<
x
<
b
0
,
e
l
s
e
E
(
X
)
=
a
+
b
2
D
(
X
)
=
(
b
−
a
)
2
12
F
(
X
)
=
{
0
,
x
<
a
x
−
a
b
−
a
,
a
≤
x
<
b
1
,
x
≥
b
指数分布
f(x)={1θe−xθ,0,x>0elseE(X)=θD(X)=θ2F(X)={1−e−xθ,0,x>0else
f
(
x
)
=
{
1
θ
e
−
x
θ
,
x
>
0
0
,
e
l
s
e
E
(
X
)
=
θ
D
(
X
)
=
θ
2
F
(
X
)
=
{
1
−
e
−
x
θ
,
x
>
0
0
,
e
l
s
e
正态/高斯分布 X~N(μ,σ2
μ
,
σ
2
)
E(X)=μ
μ
D(X)=σ2
σ
2
F(X)=P(X≤x)=ϕ(x−μσ)
F
(
X
)
=
P
(
X
≤
x
)
=
ϕ
(
x
−
μ
σ
)
——————————————————–
χ2
χ
2
分布 χ2∼χ2(n)
χ
2
∼
χ
2
(
n
)
Xi∼N(0,1)n:自由度χ2=∑i=1nX2iE(χ2)=nD(χ2)=2nχ21+χ22∼χ2(n1+n2)
X
i
∼
N
(
0
,
1
)
n
:
自
由
度
χ
2
=
∑
i
=
1
n
X
i
2
E
(
χ
2
)
=
n
D
(
χ
2
)
=
2
n
χ
1
2
+
χ
2
2
∼
χ
2
(
n
1
+
n
2
)
t分布 t~t(n)
X∼N(0,1)Y∼χ2(n)t=XYn−−√
X
∼
N
(
0
,
1
)
Y
∼
χ
2
(
n
)
t
=
X
Y
n
F分布 F~F(n1,n2
n
1
,
n
2
)
U∼χ2(n1)V∼χ2(n2)F=U/n1V/n2
U
∼
χ
2
(
n
1
)
V
∼
χ
2
(
n
2
)
F
=
U
/
n
1
V
/
n
2
正态总体的样本均值X¯
X
¯
与样本方差S2
S
2
的分布
E(X¯)=μD(X¯)=σ2nE(S2)=E[1n−1(∑i=1nX2i−nX¯2)]=1n−1[∑i=1nE(X2i)−nE(X¯2)]=1n−1[∑i=1n(σ2+μ2)−n(σ2n+μ2)]=σ2
E
(
X
¯
)
=
μ
D
(
X
¯
)
=
σ
2
n
E
(
S
2
)
=
E
[
1
n
−
1
(
∑
i
=
1
n
X
i
2
−
n
X
¯
2
)
]
=
1
n
−
1
[
∑
i
=
1
n
E
(
X
i
2
)
−
n
E
(
X
¯
2
)
]
=
1
n
−
1
[
∑
i
=
1
n
(
σ
2
+
μ
2
)
−
n
(
σ
2
n
+
μ
2
)
]
=
σ
2
Xi来自N(μ,σ2)
X
i
来
自
N
(
μ
,
σ
2
)
,则
X¯∼N(μ,σ2n)(n−1)S2σ2∼χ2(n−1)X¯与S2相互独立X¯−μS/n−−√∼t(n−1)
X
¯
∼
N
(
μ
,
σ
2
n
)
(
n
−
1
)
S
2
σ
2
∼
χ
2
(
n
−
1
)
X
¯
与
S
2
相
互
独
立
X
¯
−
μ
S
/
n
∼
t
(
n
−
1
)
单个总体N(
μ.σ2
μ
.
σ
2
)置信区间
(X¯±Sn−−√tα/2(n−1))
(
X
¯
±
S
n
t
α
/
2
(
n
−
1
)
)
(X¯−Y¯±tα/2(n1+n2−2)Sω1n1+1n2−−−−−−−−√)S2ω=(n1−1)S21+(n2−1)S22n1+n2−2,Sω=Sω2−−−√
(
X
¯
−
Y
¯
±
t
α
/
2
(
n
1
+
n
2
−
2
)
S
ω
1
n
1
+
1
n
2
)
S
ω
2
=
(
n
1
−
1
)
S
1
2
+
(
n
2
−
1
)
S
2
2
n
1
+
n
2
−
2
,
S
ω
=
S
ω
2