Java 文件读写

Java 文件读写

Gary

文件概述

• 文件系统是有OS（操作系统）来管理的

• 文件系统和Java进程是平行的，是两套系统

• 文件系统是有文件夹和文件的递归组合而成的

• 文件目录的分隔符

  • Linux/Unix 用/来分开
  • Windows用\来分开，涉及到转译，在程序当中需要使用/或者\替代

• 文件包包括文件里面的内容和文件基本属性

• 文件基本属性：名称，大小，拓展名，修改时间等

Java中的文件类

File 类

• File类本身与OS是没有关系的，但会受到OS的权限限制
• 注意：File不涉及到具体的文件内容，只涉及属性

NIO包

Java 7提出NIO包，提出了新的文件系统类

• 这是对File 类进行了有益的补充
• example:文件复制和移动，文件的相对路径，文件的遍历目录，递归遍历目录，递归删除目录…

code

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建目录
        File d=new File("e:/temp");
        if(!d.exists()){
            d.mkdirs();//创建多级目录
        }
        System.out.println("Is d a directory"+d.isDirectory());
        //创建文件
        File file=new File("e:/temp/test.txt");
        if(!file.exists()){
            try{
                file.createNewFile();//创建test.txt
            }catch (IOException e){
                //权限不足无法访问
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //输出文件相关属性
        System.out.println("Is file a file?" +file.isFile());
        System.out.println("Name:"+file.getName());
        System.out.println("Parent:"+file.getParent());
        System.out.println("Path:"+file.getPath());
        System.out.println("Size:"+file.length()+"bytes");
        System.out.println("Last Modified time:"+ file.lastModified()+"ms");

        //遍历d目录相面所有文件的信息
        System.out.println("list files in d directory");
        File[] files=d.listFiles();
        for(File f:files){
            System.out.println(f.getPath());
        }
        //删除文件
//        file.delete();
        //删除目录
//        d.delete();
    }
}

output:

Is d a directorytrue
Is file a file?true
Name:test.txt
Parent:e:\temp
Path:e:\temp\test.txt
Size:0bytes
Last Modified time:1602661778150ms
list files in d directory
e:\temp\test.txt

获取Path的方法

读写实例

code

package com.demo;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * @Author: lhb
 * @CreateTime: 2019-07-01 17:07:01
 * @Description: Java读取txt文件和写入txt文件
 */
public class Test {

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        writeFile();
        //readFile();
    }

    /**
     * 写入TXT文件
     */
    public static void writeFile() {

        String path = "D:/test.txt";//路径的test.txt文件

        File file; //使用File类打开文件
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream;//建立一个文件输出流对象fileOutputStream
        OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter; //建立一个输出流对象outputStreamWriter
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;//文件操作
        try {
            // 1.使用File类打开一个文件
            file = new File(path);
            file.createNewFile(); // 创建新文件

            //  2. 通过字节流或字符流的子类，指定输出的位置
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
            outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(fileOutputStream);
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(outputStreamWriter);
        // 3.进行读/写操作（BufferedReader / BufferedWriter）
        bufferedWriter.write("hello world!\r\n");
        bufferedWriter.write("你好!\r\n");
        bufferedWriter.flush(); // 把缓存区内容压入文件

        // 4.关闭输入/输出
        bufferedWriter.close(); // 关闭
        fileOutputStream.close();
        outputStreamWriter.close();

        System.out.println("写入文件成功！");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

}

/**
 * 读取TXT文件
 */
public static void readFile() {

    String path = "D:/test.txt";//路径的test.txt文件

    File file; //使用File类打开文件
    FileInputStream fileInputStream;
    InputStreamReader inputStreamReader; //建立一个文件输入流对象inputStreamReader
    BufferedReader bufferedReader;
    try {
        // 1.使用File类打开一个文件
        file = new File(path);

        //  2. 通过字节流或字符流的子类，指定输出的位置
        fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fileInputStream);
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);

        // 3.进行读/写操作（BufferedReader / BufferedWriter）
        String line;
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println("读取文件内容：" + line);
        }

        // 4.关闭输入/输出
        fileInputStream.close();
        inputStreamReader.close();
        bufferedReader.close();
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

}

JPG文件搜索

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
import java.util.EnumSet;

/**
 * Authored by Gary on 2020/10/14.
 **/


class Search implements FileVisitor{
    private final PathMatcher matcher;
    public Search(String ext){
        matcher= FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:"+ext);
    }
    public void judgeFile(Path file)throws IOException{
        Path name=file.getFileName();
        if(name!=null&& matcher.matches(name)){
            //文件名称已经匹配
            System.out.println("Searched file was found:"+name+"in"+file.toRealPath().toString());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Object dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Object file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
        judgeFile((Path) file);
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Object file, IOException exc) throws IOException {
        //如果有必要可以自己加上报错代码
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Object dir, IOException exc) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("Visited:"+(Path)dir);
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }
}


public class SearchJPGFiles {
    //查找该目录和子目录下面的JPG文件
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String ext="*.jpg";
        Path fileTree=Paths.get("e:/temp/");
        Search walk=new Search(ext);
        EnumSet<FileVisitOption> opts=EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);
        Files.walkFileTree(fileTree, opts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, walk);
    }
}

实战

统计目录下单词的数目

import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Authored by Gary on 2020/10/22.
 **/

public class WordsCount {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //接受目录参数和扩展名
        Path fileTree= Paths.get("c:/temp/");
        Searcher walk=new Searcher("*.txt");

        //查找目录下的txt文件
        EnumSet<FileVisitOption>opts=EnumSet.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS);
        Files.walkFileTree(fileTree, opts, Integer.MAX_VALUE, walk);
        ArrayList<String> filePaths=walk.getFilePaths();

        //解析每个单词

        HashMap<String,Word> totalMap=new HashMap<String,Word>();
        for(String str:filePaths){
            //解析一个txt的
            HashMap<String,Word> partMap=new FileAnalyzer(str).getWordCount();
            if (partMap!=null&&partMap.size()>0){
                combineMap(totalMap,partMap);
            }
        }
            //排序
        ArrayList<Word>words= new ArrayList<Word>(totalMap.values());
        Collections.sort(words);
        //输出这里省略。。。
    }


    private static void combineMap(HashMap<String,Word> totalMap, HashMap<String,Word> partMap) {
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Word>> iter=partMap.entrySet().iterator();
        while(iter.hasNext()){
            Map.Entry<String,Word>entry=iter.next();
            String key=entry.getKey();
            Word w=entry.getValue();
            if(totalMap.containsKey(key)){
                Word totalWord=totalMap.get(key);
                totalWord.setNumber(totalWord.getNumber()+w.getNumber());
            }
            else{
                totalMap.put(key, w);
            }
        }
    }
}

Searcher类

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * Authored by Gary on 2020/10/22.
 **/

public class Searcher implements FileVisitor {
    private final PathMatcher matcher;
    private ArrayList<String> filePaths=new ArrayList<String>();

    public Searcher(String ext){
        matcher= FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:"+ext);
    }



    @Override
    public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Object dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Object file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
        judgeFile((Path)file);
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    private void judgeFile(Path file) throws IOException {
        Path name=file.getFileName();
        if(name!=null&& matcher.matches(name)){
            filePaths.add(file.toRealPath().toString());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Object file, IOException exc) throws IOException {
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    @Override
    public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Object dir, IOException exc) throws IOException {
        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
    }

    public ArrayList<String> getFilePaths() {
        return filePaths;
    }
}

Word类

/**
 * Authored by Gary on 2020/10/22.
 **/

public class Word implements Comparable<Word>{
    private  String text;
    private Integer number;

    public Word(String text, Integer number) {
        this.text = text;
        this.number = number;
    }

    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }

    public void setText(String text) {
        this.text = text;
    }

    public Integer getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(Integer number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
        //顺序输出
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Word o) {
        return this.getNumber()-o.getNumber();
    }
}

FileAnalyzer

import java.io.*;
import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * Authored by Gary on 2020/10/22.
 **/

public class FileAnalyzer {
    private String fileStr;

    public FileAnalyzer(String fileStr)  {
        this.fileStr = fileStr;
    }

    public String getFileStr() {
        return fileStr;
    }

    public void setFileStr(String fileStr) {
        this.fileStr = fileStr;
    }

    public HashMap<String,Word> getWordCount(){
        String line;
        HashMap<String,Word> result=new HashMap<String,Word>();
        try(BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fileStr)))){
                while((line=in.readLine())!=null){
                    String [] words=line.split(" ");
                    for(String word: words){
                        if(word!=null&&word.length()>0){
                            if(result.containsKey(word)){
                                Word w=result.get(word);
                                w.setNumber(w.getNumber()+1);
                            }
                            else{
                                result.put(word, new Word(word, 1));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
        }catch (Exception  ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

}