MyBatis入门——多对一与一对多处理
Tips:请先阅读:
一、MyBatis入门——第一个MyBatis项目搭建文章
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115264612
二、MyBatis入门——基本CRUD代码编写
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115280533
三、MyBatis入门——配置解析
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115309923
四、MyBatis入门——解决属性名和字段名不一致的问题
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115325116
五、MyBatis入门——日志
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115351129
六、MyBatis入门——分页
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115408607
七、MyBatis入门——使用注解开发
https://blog.csdn.net/Gauss7/article/details/115425342
一、多对一处理
- 多个学生,对应一个老师。
- 对于学生而言,关联。多个学生,关联一个老师【多对一】
- 对于老师而言,集合。一个老师,有很多学生【一对多】
SQL:
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '李老师');
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');
1.1 测试环境搭建
-
新建实体类Student,Teacher。
@Data public class Student { private int id; private String name; //学生需要关联一个老师 private Teacher teacher; }
@Data public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; }
-
建立Mapper接口。
public interface StudentMapper { //查询所有的学生信息,以及对应的老师的信息 public List<Student> getStudent(); public List<Student> getStudent2(); }
public interface TeacherMapper { @Select("select * from teacher where id=#{tid}") Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id); }
-
建立Mapper.xml文件。(详情见1.2、1.3)
-
在核心配置文件中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或者文件!
<mappers> <mapper class="com.twy.dao.StudentMapper"/> <mapper class="com.twy.dao.TeacherMapper"/> </mappers>
-
测试查询是否能够成功!(详情见1.2、1.3)
1.2 按照结果嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml:
<!-- 方式一:按照结果嵌套处理 -->
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid = t.id;
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
测试:
@Test
public void testStudent2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> studentList = mapper.getStudent2();
for (Student student : studentList) {
System.out.println(student);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
1.3 按照查询嵌套处理
StudentMapper.xml:
<!--
方式二:按照查询嵌套处理
思路:
1. 查询所有的学生信息
2. 根据查询出来的学生的tid,寻找对应的老师 类似子查询
-->
<select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from Student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<!-- 复杂的属性,我们需要单独处理。对象:association 集合:collection -->
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void test(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
List<Student> studentList = mapper.getStudent();
for (Student student : studentList) {
System.out.println(student);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
回顾MySQL多对一查询方式:
- 子查询
- 联表查询
二、一对多处理
-
比如:一个老师拥有多个学生!
-
对于老师而言,就是一对多的关系!
2.1 测试环境搭建
-
新建实体类Teacher,Student。
@Data public class Teacher { private int id; private String name; //一个老师拥有多个学生 private List<Student> students; }
@Data public class Student { private int id; private String name; private int tid; }
-
建立Mapper接口。
public interface TeacherMapper { //获取老师 List<Teacher> getTeacher(); //获取指定老师下的所有学生及老师的信息 Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id); Teacher getTeacher2(@Param("tid") int id); }
public interface StudentMapper { }
-
建立Mapper.xml文件。(详情见2.2、2.3)
-
在核心配置文件中绑定注册我们的Mapper接口或者文件!
<mappers> <mapper class="com.twy.dao.StudentMapper"/> <mapper class="com.twy.dao.TeacherMapper"/> </mappers>
-
测试查询是否能够成功!(详情见2.2、2.3)
2.2 按照结果嵌套处理
TeacherMapper.xml:
<!-- 方式一:按结果嵌套查询 -->
<select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="tid"/>
<result property="name" column="tname"/>
<!-- 复杂的属性,我们需要单独处理。对象:association 集合:collection
JavaType=""指定属性的类型!
集合中的泛型信息,我们使用ofType获取
-->
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"/>
<result property="name" column="sname"/>
<result property="tid" column="tid"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
测试:
@Test
public void test(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
2.3 按照查询嵌套处理
TeacherMapper.xml:
<!-- 方式二:按照查询嵌套处理 -->
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
select * from teacher where id = #{tid}
</select>
<resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="Student">
select * from student where tid=#{tid}
</select>
测试:
@Test
public void test2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);
Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);
System.out.println(teacher);
sqlSession.close();
}
三、小结
- 关联 - association【多对一】
- 集合 - collection【一对多】
- JavaType & ofType
JavaType用来指定实体类中属性的类型
ofType用来指定映射到List或者集合中的pojo类型,泛型中的约束类型!
注意点:
- 保证SQL的可读性,尽量保证通俗易懂;
- 注意一对多和多对一中,属性名和字段名的问题;
- 如果问题不好排查错误,可以使用日志,建议使用Log4j。