php-fpm生产环境下的调试strace

以前，在对php进行性能问题分析时，主要是依赖xhprof对php性能瓶颈进行分析，而这需要侵入代码。今天遇到了需要在生产环境下找出fpm问题的需求，这种情况下，在网上查找了下方案，发现了strace工具。

strace是个功能强大的Linux调试分析诊断工具，可用于跟踪程序执行时进程系统调用(system call)和所接收的信号，尤其是针对源码不可读或源码无法再编译的程序。

指令用法：

strace [-CdffhiqrtttTvVxxy] [-I n] [-e expr]...
              [-a column] [-o file] [-s strsize] [-P path]...
              -p pid... / [-D] [-E var=val]... [-u username] PROG [ARGS]

或者

 strace -c[df] [-I n] [-e expr]... [-O overhead] [-S sortby]
              -p pid... / [-D] [-E var=val]... [-u username] PROG [ARGS]

选项说明：

-c -- count time, calls, and errors for each syscall and report summary  #计算每次系统调用的次数，以及错误次数
-C -- like -c but also print regular output    # 功能与-c相同，但添加了定时输出结果的功能
-d -- enable debug output to stderr        #输出trace的debug信息
-D -- run tracer process as a detached grandchild, not as parent  #使用子进程来trace需要监控的进程
-f -- follow forks, -ff -- with output into separate files   #跟踪当前进程以及子进程
-i -- print instruction pointer at time of syscall      #输出每次系统调用方法所在code段的偏移地址
-q -- suppress messages about attaching, detaching, etc.  #对附件信息进行压缩处理
-r -- print relative timestamp, -t -- absolute timestamp, -tt -- with usecs  打印执行时间点
-T -- print time spent in each syscall   #打印每次系统调用的时间间隔
-v -- verbose mode: print unabbreviated argv, stat, termios, etc. args
-x -- print non-ascii strings in hex, -xx -- print all strings in hex
-y -- print paths associated with file descriptor arguments
-h -- print help message, -V -- print version
-a column -- alignment COLUMN for printing syscall results (default 40)
-b execve -- detach on this syscall
-e expr -- a qualifying expression: option=[!]all or option=[!]val1[,val2]...
   options: trace, abbrev, verbose, raw, signal, read, write
-I interruptible --
   1: no signals are blocked
   2: fatal signals are blocked while decoding syscall (default)
   3: fatal signals are always blocked (default if '-o FILE PROG')
   4: fatal signals and SIGTSTP (^Z) are always blocked
      (useful to make 'strace -o FILE PROG' not stop on ^Z)
-o file -- send trace output to FILE instead of stderr   #将调试结果输出的指定文件
-O overhead -- set overhead for tracing syscalls to OVERHEAD usecs
-p pid -- trace process with process id PID, may be repeated  #使用pid来trace进程
-s strsize -- limit length of print strings to STRSIZE chars (default 32)
-S sortby -- sort syscall counts by: time, calls, name, nothing (default time)
-u username -- run command as username handling setuid and/or setgid #使用指定用户来执行strace指令
-E var=val -- put var=val in the environment for command
-E var -- remove var from the environment for command
-P path -- trace accesses to path   

基本的调试fpm的用法：

strace -f -p 进程pid -e trace=file #跟踪以指定文件名做参数的所有系统调用。

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