互联网面试题之集合类不安全的并发修改异常

ArrayList

/**
 * 故障现象
 *  java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
 *
 * 导致原因
 *  并发争抢修改导致，一个线程正在写人，另一个线程过来抢夺，导致数据不一致异常，并发修改异常。
 *
 * 解决方案
 *  new Vector()
 *  Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>())
 *  new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>()
 *
 * 优化建议
 */
public class ArrayListNotSafeDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        List<String> list = new ArrayList();
//        List<String> list = new Vector();
//        List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

        final int threadNum = 300;
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(threadNum);
        for(int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
            // 启动新的线程
            Thread t = new Thread(()-> {
                try {
                    list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""));
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", " + list);
                }finally {
                    latch.countDown();
                }
            }, "thread-" + i);
            t.start();
        }

        try {
            latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        System.out.println("list size = " + list.size());
    }
}

CopyOnWriteArrayList

写时复制，CopyOnWrite容器即写时复制容器。往一个容器添加元素的时候，不直接往当前容器Object[] 添加，而是先将容器Object[] 进行copy，复制出一个新的Object[] newElements，然后向新的容器Object[] newElements 里添加元素，添加完元素后，再将原容器的引用执向新的容器setArray(newElements);，这样做的好处是可以对CopyOnWrite 容器进行并发的读，而不需要加锁，因为当前容器不会添加任何元素。所以CopyOnWrite 容器也是一种读写分离思想，读和写不同的容器。

/**
 * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
 *
 * @param e element to be appended to this list
 * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
 */
public boolean add(E e) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        int len = elements.length;
        Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
        newElements[len] = e;
        setArray(newElements);
        return true;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}