1.FPM安装
#FPM安装
yum -y install ruby rubygems ruby-devel
#外国的源慢,换国内源
gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove http://rubygems.org/
# 安装fpm,gem从rubygem仓库安装软件类似yum从yum仓库安装软件。首先安装低版本的json,高版本的json需要ruby2.0以上,然后安装低版本的fpm,够用。
#Centos6安装
gem install json -v 1.8.3
gem install fpm -v 1.3.3
#Centos7安装
gem install fpm
2.FPM参数
-s 指定源类型
-t 指定目标类型,即想要制作为什么包
-n 指定包的名字
-v 指定包的版本号
-C 指定打包的相对路径
-d 指定依赖于哪些包
-f 第二次打包时目录下如果有同名安装包存在,则覆盖它
-p 输出的安装包的目录,不想放在当前目录下就需要指定
--post-install 软件包安装完成之后所要运行的脚本;同--after-install
--pre-install 软件包安装完成之前所要运行的脚本;同--before-install
--post-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之后所要运行的脚本;同--after-remove
--pre-uninstall 软件包卸载完成之前所要运行的脚本;同--before-remove
3.实战:编译安装nginx,利用FPM打包
#安装nginx
yum install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel -y
useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
mkdir /application /src
cd /src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.6.3
./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
mkdir /scripts /my_rpm
cat>>/scripts/nginx_rpm.sh<<EOF
#!/bin/bash
useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin
ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
EOF
cd /my_rpm
fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -d 'pcre-devel,openssl-devel' --post-install /scripts/nginx_rpm.sh -f /application/nginx-1.6.3/
#报错:Need executable 'rpmbuild' to convert dir to rpm {:level=>:error}
yum install rpm-build -y
[root@zon161 my_rpm]# ll -h
total 2.3M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.3M Oct 25 01:05 nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
4.测试安装rpm包
#rpm命令安装
[root@zon162 ~]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
error: Failed dependencies:
pcre-devel is needed by nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64
openssl-devel is needed by nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64
报如上依赖错误,需要先yum安装依赖才能安装rpm包。
#yum命令安装rpm包
[root@zon162 ~]# yum -y localinstall nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
注意事项
1.路径问题
# 相对路径
[root@zon161 my_rpm]# cd /application/nginx/
[root@zon161 nginx]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 .
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
[root@zon161 nginx]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/client_body_temp
/conf/fastcgi.conf
/conf/fastcgi.conf.default
/conf/fastcgi_params
/conf/fastcgi_params.default
/conf/koi-utf
/conf/koi-win
/conf/mime.types
/conf/mime.types.default
/conf/nginx.conf
/conf/nginx.conf.default
/conf/scgi_params
/conf/scgi_params.default
/conf/uwsgi_params
/conf/uwsgi_params.default
/conf/win-utf
/fastcgi_temp
/html/50x.html
/html/index.html
/logs/access.log
/logs/error.log
/logs/nginx.pid
/proxy_temp
/sbin/nginx
/scgi_temp
/uwsgi_temp
###########################
# 绝对路径
[root@zon161 ~]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 /application/nginx-1.6.3
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
[root@zon161 ~]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx-1.6.3/client_body_temp
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/fastcgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/koi-win
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/mime.types.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/scgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/uwsgi_params.default
/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/win-utf
/application/nginx-1.6.3/fastcgi_temp
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/50x.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/html/index.html
/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/access.log
/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/error.log
/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/nginx.pid
/application/nginx-1.6.3/nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx-1.6.3/proxy_temp
/application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx
/application/nginx-1.6.3/scgi_temp
/application/nginx-1.6.3/uwsgi_temp
#############################
#使用rpm -qpl 命令可以查看rpm包的内容。
#注:fpm类似tar打包一样,只是fpm打的包能够被yum命令识别而已。
2. 软链接问题
[root@zon161 ~]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 /application/nginx
File already exists, refusing to continue: nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm {:level=>:fatal}
#报错是因为当前目录存在同名的rpm包,可以使用-f参数强制覆盖。
[root@zon161 ~]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -f /application/nginx
Force flag given. Overwriting package at nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm {:level=>:warn}
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
#打包成功,但查看实际内容是个软链接文件
[root@zon161 ~]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx
#根本原因在于结尾的/,类似rm删除软链接目录
[root@zon161 ~]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n nginx -v 1.6.3 -f /application/nginx/
Force flag given. Overwriting package at nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm {:level=>:warn}
Created package {:path=>"nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm"}
[root@zon161 ~]# rpm -qpl nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx/client_body_temp
/application/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf
/application/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default
/application/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params
/application/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default
/application/nginx/conf/koi-utf
/application/nginx/conf/koi-win
/application/nginx/conf/mime.types
/application/nginx/conf/mime.types.default
/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default
/application/nginx/conf/scgi_params
/application/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default
/application/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params
/application/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default
/application/nginx/conf/win-utf
/application/nginx/fastcgi_temp
/application/nginx/html/50x.html
/application/nginx/html/index.html
/application/nginx/logs/access.log
/application/nginx/logs/error.log
/application/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
/application/nginx/nginx-1.6.3-1.x86_64.rpm
/application/nginx/proxy_temp
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx
/application/nginx/scgi_temp
/application/nginx/uwsgi_temp
定制LNMP的RPM包思路
编译安装好nginx,mysql,php,此处有个问题,就是php的大部分依赖环境是通过yum安装的,但有一个libiconv-1.14.tar.gz包需要编译安装,安装时已经指定了安装目录,只需一同打包即可。
还有一个问题,就是mysql这个目录比较大,用fpm打包耗时长。平时我们有可能需要对nginx或php做优化,这样又得重新打包。因此我们可以将mysql分离出来,分别打包。只需在制作nginx+php的rpm包时添加mysql的依赖即可。
# 参考命令
[root@web2 ~]# fpm -s dir -t rpm -n web2 -v 1.1 \
--description 'lnmp.cms,bbs.blog' \
-d ‘libxslt-devel,nfs-utils,rpcbind,mysql,libmcrypt-devel,mhash,mhash-devel,mcrypt' \
--post-install /server/scripts/lnmp-init.sh \
/application /usr/local/libiconv/ /app/logs/ /data0/ /server/