Python OpenCV编解码图像

cv2.imdecode()函数作用：从指定的内存缓存中读取数据，并把数据转换(解码)成图像格式;主要用于从网络传输数据中恢复出图像。

cv2.imencode()函数作用：将图片格式转换(编码)成流数据，赋值到内存缓存中;主要用于图像数据格式的压缩，方便网络传输。

imdecode()使用举例：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
import numpy as np  
import urllib  
import cv2  
      
url = 'https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.vox-cdn.com%2Fthumbor%2FE9RM8-qg-iyLEAzP4d7tobqI09o%3D%2F0x0%3A2012x1341%2F1400x933%2Ffilters%3Afocal(0x0%3A2012x1341)%3Ano_upscale()%2Fcdn.vox-cdn.com%2Fuploads%2Fchorus_image%2Fimage%2F47070706%2Fgoogle2.0.0.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F9%2F1%2F9239769%2Fnew-google-logo-announced&tbnid=HIWIGsI5ZCEzhM&vet=12ahUKEwj3wpO96_LrAhWrxIsBHSKuB-QQMygBegUIARCyAQ..i&docid=JWw0c9TecYe1RM&w=1400&h=933&q=Google%20logo%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F&ved=2ahUKEwj3wpO96_LrAhWrxIsBHSKuB-QQMygBegUIARCyAQ‘  
resp = urllib.urlopen(url)  
image = np.asarray(bytearray(resp.read()), dtype="uint8")  
image = cv2.imdecode(image, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  
cv2.imshow('Googlelogo',image)  
cv2.waitKey()  

imencode()使用举例：

import numpy as np  
import urllib  
import cv2  
  
img = cv2.imread('0122.jpg')  
# '.jpg'表示把当前图片img按照jpg格式编码，按照不同格式编码的结果不一样  
img_encode = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img)[1]  
# imgg = cv2.imencode('.png', img)  
  
data_encode = np.array(img_encode)  
str_encode = data_encode.tostring()  
  
# 缓存数据保存到本地  
with open('img_encode.txt', 'w') as f:  
    f.write(str_encode)  
    f.flush  

imencode()+imdecode()混合使用，图片编码保存到本地，读取本地文件解码恢复成图片格式：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
import numpy as np  
import urllib  
import cv2  
  
img = cv2.imread('0122.jpg')  
# '.jpg'表示把当前图片img按照jpg格式编码，按照不同格式编码的结果不一样  
img_encode = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img)[1]  
# imgg = cv2.imencode('.png', img)  
  
data_encode = np.array(img_encode)  
str_encode = data_encode.tostring()  
  
# 缓存数据保存到本地，以txt格式保存  
with open('img_encode.txt', 'w') as f:  
    f.write(str_encode)  
    f.flush  
with open('img_encode.txt', 'r') as f:  
    str_encode = f.read()  
  
nparr = np.fromstring(str_encode, np.uint8)  
img_decode = cv2.imdecode(nparr, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  
cv2.imshow("img_decode", img_decode)  
cv2.waitKey()  

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
import numpy as np  
import urllib  
import cv2  
  
img = cv2.imread('0122.jpg')  
# '.jpg'表示把当前图片img按照jpg格式编码，按照不同格式编码的结果不一样  
img_encode = cv2.imencode('.jpg', img)[1]  
# imgg = cv2.imencode('.png', img)  
  
data_encode = np.array(img_encode)  
str_encode = data_encode.tostring()  
  
# 缓存数据保存到本地，以txt格式保存  
with open('img_encode.txt', 'w') as f:  
    f.write(str_encode)  
    f.flush  
  
with open('img_encode.txt', 'r') as f:  
    str_encode = f.read()  
  
image = np.asarray(bytearray(str_encode), dtype="uint8")  
image = cv2.imdecode(image, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)  
cv2.imshow('img_decode',image)  
cv2.waitKey()