多线程
-
程是程序中执行的线程。Java虚拟机允许应用程序同时执行多个执行线程。
每个线程都有优先权。 具有较高优先级的线程优先于优先级较低的线程执行。 每个线程可能也可能不会被标记为守护程序。 当在某个线程中运行的代码创建一个新的
Thread
对象时,新线程的优先级最初设置为等于创建线程的优先级,并且当且仅当创建线程是守护进程时才是守护线程。当Java虚拟机启动时,通常有一个非守护进程线程(通常调用某些指定类的名为
main
的方法)。 Java虚拟机将继续执行线程,直到发生以下任一情况:- 已经调用了
Runtime
类的exit
方法,并且安全管理器已经允许进行退出操作。 - 所有不是守护进程线程的线程都已经死亡,无论是从调用返回到
run
方法还是抛出超出run
方法的run
。
创建一个新的执行线程有两种方法。 一个是将一个类声明为
Thread
的子类。 这个子类应该重写run
类的方法Thread
。 然后可以分配并启动子类的实例。 例如,计算大于规定值的素数的线程可以写成如下:
class PrimeThread extends Thread { long minPrime; PrimeThread(long minPrime) { this.minPrime = minPrime; } public void run() { // compute primes larger than minPrime . . . } }
然后,以下代码将创建一个线程并启动它运行:
PrimeThread p = new PrimeThread(143); p.start();
另一种方法来创建一个线程是声明实现类
Runnable
接口。 那个类然后实现了run
方法。 然后可以分配类的实例,在创建Thread
时作为参数传递,并启动。 这种其他风格的同一个例子如下所示:
class PrimeRun implements Runnable { long minPrime; PrimeRun(long minPrime) { this.minPrime = minPrime; } public void run() { // compute primes larger than minPrime . . . } }
然后,以下代码将创建一个线程并启动它运行:
PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143); new Thread(p).start();
每个线程都有一个用于识别目的的名称。 多个线程可能具有相同的名称。 如果在创建线程时未指定名称,则会为其生成一个新名称。
除非另有说明,否则将
null
参数传递给null
中的构造函数或方法将导致抛出NullPointerException
。要点
1.线程就是独立的执行路径;
2.在程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,如主线程,gc线程;main()称之为主线程,为系统的入口,用于执行整个程序;
3.在一个进程中,如果开辟了多个线程,线程的运行由调度器安排调度,调度器是与操作系统紧密相关的,先后顺序是不能认为的干预的。
4.对同一份资源操作时,会存在资源抢夺的问题,需要加入并发控制;线程会带来额外的开销,如cpu调度时间,并发控制开销。
5.每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致.
继承Thread类
实现编码
``
package wang.com.demo01; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; //联系Thread,实现多线程下载图片 public class TestThread02 extends Thread{ private String url;//地址图片的网络 private String name;//图片的名字 //通过构造器传参数 public TestThread02(String url,String name) { this.url = url; this.name = name; } //下载图片的执行体 @Override public void run() { WebDownlonder webDownlonder = new WebDownlonder(); webDownlonder.downlonder(url,name); System.out.println("下载了文件,文件名为"+name); } public static void main(String[] args) { TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/01.jpg","1.jpg"); TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/02.jpg","2.jpg"); TestThread02 t3 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/03.jpg","3.jpg"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } //下载器 class WebDownlonder{ //下载方法 public void downlonder(String url,String name){ try { FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name)); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("捕获错误,下载错误"); } } }
- 已经调用了
Runnable接口
-
另一种方法来创建一个线程是声明实现类
Runnable
接口。 那个类然后实现了run
方法。 然后可以分配类的实例,在创建Thread
时作为参数传递,并启动。 这种其他风格的同一个例子如下所示:
class PrimeRun implements Runnable { long minPrime; PrimeRun(long minPrime) { this.minPrime = minPrime; } public void run() { // compute primes larger than minPrime . . . } }
然后,以下代码将创建一个线程并启动它运行:
PrimeRun p = new PrimeRun(143); new Thread(p).start();
每个线程都有一个用于识别目的的名称。 多个线程可能具有相同的名称。 如果在创建线程时未指定名称,则会为其生成一个新名称。
实现代码
package wang.com.demo01;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
public class TestRunnable02 implements Runnable{
private String url;//图片的网络地址
private String name;//图片的名字
//通过构造器传参数
public TestRunnable02(String url,String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownlonder webDownlonder = new WebDownlonder();
webDownlonder.downlonder(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件,文件名为"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/01.jpg","1.jpg");
TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/02.jpg","2.jpg");
TestThread02 t3 = new TestThread02("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/03.jpg","3.jpg");
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t2).start();
new Thread(t3).start();
}
}
并发初识
``
package wang.com.demo01;
//多线程实现同一个对象
//抢票例子
//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下,资源不安全,数据紊乱.
public class TestThread implements Runnable{
private int num = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if(num<=0)
break;
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("睡眠失败");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"抢到了第"+num--+"票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread testThread = new TestThread();
new Thread(testThread,"王浩").start();
new Thread(testThread,"汪磊").start();
new Thread(testThread,"阿彬").start();
}
}
龟兔赛跑
``
package wang.com.demo01;
//龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable {
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//睡眠器使兔子睡眠
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("乌龟")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("捕获睡眠失败");
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
Boolean flag = gameOver(i);
if (flag) {
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "跑了" + i + "米");
}
}
private boolean gameOver(int steps) {
//判断有没有获胜者
if (winner != null) {
return true;
} else {
if (steps >= 100) {
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("获胜者是" + winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//一个进程实现多个对像的处理
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race, "兔子").start();
new Thread(race, "乌龟").start();
}
}
实现Callable接口(了解)
``
package wang.com.demo02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import wang.com.demo01.TestThread02;
import wang.com.demo02.WebDownlonder;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean>{
private String url;//图片的网络地址
private String name;//图片的名字
//通过构造器传参数
public TestCallable(String url,String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownlonder webDownlonder = new WebDownlonder();
webDownlonder.downlonder(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件,文件名为"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException,InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/01.jpg","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/02.jpg","2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("http://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/course/c1/03.jpg","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
class WebDownlonder{
//下载方法
public void downlonder(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("捕获错误,下载错误");
}
}
}
静态代理模式
静态代理模式总结:
1.真实对象与代理对象都实现同一个接口
2.代理对象代理真实对象
好处:
1.静态的代理对象可以实现更多的方法
2.真实的对象可以专注与自己的事情
``
package wang.com.demo03;
//静态代理模式总结:
//1.真实对象与代理对象都实现同一个接口
//2.代理对象代理真实对象
//好处:
//静态的代理对象可以实现更多的方法
//真实的对象可以专注与自己的事情
public class StacticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//静态代理模式与Thread实现Runnable接口是一样的
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("年轻人,耗子尾汁");
}
}).start();
//可以说多线程就是一种静态代理模式
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
}
}
//提供一个Marry接口
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实对象实现接口
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("今天王林彬结婚了");
}
}
//代理对象实现接口
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
//代理对象代理谁?--->通过真实对象传递来的真实对象
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//通过构造函数传进来的真实对像
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("发现孩子不是自己的");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("王林彬未婚先孕");
}
}
Lambda表达式(个人感觉作用不大,代码可读性差)
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局部内部类:main中的类
静态内部类:class中的static的类
匿名内部类:没有名字的类
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线程停止(通过自己设置的标识符来决定线程是否要停止)
``
package wang.com.demo03;
public class TestStop implements Runnable {
//1.设置一个标识位
private Boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while(flag) {
System.out.println("run>>>..."+i++);
}
}
//2.改变标识位
void Stop(){
this.flag = false;
System.out.println("线程结束");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("main..."+i);
//3.调用stop标志位让线程停止
if(i == 66){
testStop.Stop();
System.out.println("结束了");
}
}
}
}
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线程休眠( Thread.Sleep() )
线程休眠
sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数;
sleep存在异常InterruptedException;
sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态;
sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时等。
每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁;
``[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-9MiWVnVj-1605706824740)(file:///C:\Users\whl151885\Documents\Tencent Files\2076312724\Image\C2C\L00L5Y7F3{4B$U9VY[GS)]2R.png)
package wang.com.demo03;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep02{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统的当前时间
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH,mm,ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统的当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//打印当前系统时间
/*
private static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
//模拟倒计时
int num = 10;
for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(i);
}
*/
}
线程礼让( Thread.yield() )
![img](file:///C:\Users\whl151885\Documents\Tencent Files\2076312724\Image\C2C\G42Y2_EBPZAJHW
_P7PFCV.png)
``
package wang.com.demo03;
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程结束");
}
}
线程插队( Thread.join() )
package wang.com.demo03;
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
System.out.println("VIP来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//将testJoin给Thread代理
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if(i==200) {
thread.join();//插队
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
![img](file:///C:\Users\whl151885\Documents\Tencent Files\2076312724\Image\C2C\S6424]P@HTSM
_YB`Q2Q}N.png)
观察线程状态( thread.start(); )
-
public static enum Thread.State extends Enum<Thread.State>
线程状态。线程可以处于以下状态之一:
NEW
尚未启动的线程处于此状态。RUNNABLE
在Java虚拟机中执行的线程处于此状态。BLOCKED
被阻塞等待监视器锁定的线程处于此状态。WAITING
正在等待另一个线程执行特定动作的线程处于此状态。TIMED_WAITING
正在等待另一个线程执行动作达到指定等待时间的线程处于此状态。TERMINATED
已退出的线程处于此状态。
一个线程可以在给定时间点处于一个状态。 这些状态是不反映任何操作系统线程状态的虚拟机状态。
-
从以下版本开始:
-
-
Enum Constant and Description BLOCKED
一个线程的线程状态阻塞等待监视器锁定。NEW
线程尚未启动的线程状态。RUNNABLE
可运行线程的线程状态。TERMINATED
终止线程的线程状态。TIMED_WAITING
具有指定等待时间的等待线程的线程状态。WAITING
等待线程的线程状态
``
package wang.com.demo03; public class TestState { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("/"); } }); Thread.State state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state);//new thread.start();//runnable state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state); while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED) { Thread.sleep(1000); state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state); } } }
-
线程的优先级(priority)
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``
package wang.com.demo03;
//测试线程都优先级
public class TestPriority{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主程序为默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t7 = new Thread(myPriority);
//设置优先级//由程序自己决定
t1.start();
//自己设置优先级
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(3);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(6);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(2);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(8);
t6.start();
t7.setPriority(4);
t7.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程(daemon)
``
package wang.com.demo03;
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
Yyou you = new Yyou();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认false为用户线程,正常的线程多为用户线程
thread.start();//上帝线程启动
new Thread(you).start();
}
}
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
System.out.println("上帝会永远守护你的");
}
}
}
class Yyou implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都是开心的活着的");
}
System.out.println("Bye world");
}
}
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线程同步(三大不安全案例)
案例一
``
package wang.com.syn;
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
//多个对像来抢票
new Thread(station,"王浩").start();
new Thread(station,"阿彬").start();
new Thread(station,"汪磊").start();
}
}
//买票的类
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//设置票数
private int TicketNums = 10;
//设置外部标志
private Boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag){
buy();
}
}
//买票的方法
private void buy(){
if(TicketNums < 0){
flag = false;
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+TicketNums-- +"张票");
}
}
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案例二
``
package wang.com.syn;
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing GrilFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"GrilFriend");
you.start();
GrilFriend.start();
}
}
class Account {
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
class Drawing extends Thread {
int DrawingMoney;
Account account;
int NowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account, int DrawingMoney, String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.DrawingMoney = DrawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(account.money - DrawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,sorry");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.money = account.money - DrawingMoney;
NowMoney = NowMoney + DrawingMoney;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"账户余额为"+account.money);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手上的现金为"+NowMoney);
}
}
案例三
``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
同步方法及同步块(synchronized) 注:synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
public synchronized void method(int args){}
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synchronized(Obj){ }
案例1
``
package wang.com.syn;
//线程安全出现了负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
//多个对像来抢票
new Thread(station,"王浩").start();
new Thread(station,"阿彬").start();
new Thread(station,"汪磊").start();
}
}
//买票的类
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//设置票数
private int TicketNums = 10;
//设置外部标志
private Boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag){
buy();
}
}
//买票的方法
//synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy(){
if(TicketNums < 1){
flag = false;
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+TicketNums-- +"张票");
}
}
案例2
``
package wang.com.syn;
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing GrilFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"GrilFriend");
you.start();
GrilFriend.start();
}
}
class Account {
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
class Drawing extends Thread {
int DrawingMoney;
Account account;
int NowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account, int DrawingMoney, String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.DrawingMoney = DrawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized(account){
if(account.money - DrawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,sorry");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.money = account.money - DrawingMoney;
NowMoney = NowMoney + DrawingMoney;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"账户余额为"+account.money);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手上的现金为"+NowMoney);
}
}
}
案例3
``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized(list) {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
JUC安全类型集合(CopyOnWriteArrayList)
测试线程安全的类
``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
public class Juc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
死锁
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![img](file:///C:\Users\whl151885\Documents\Tencent Files\2076312724\Image\C2C\VY$D$E[P6EO7
]5DG0XE}F.png)
``
package wang.com.syn;
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"王浩");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"汪磊");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread {
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;
String girlName;
Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice == 0) {
synchronized (lipstick) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "口红的锁");
synchronized (mirror) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "镜子的锁");
synchronized (lipstick) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
Lock锁
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演示代码
``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2,"1").start();
new Thread(testLock2,"2").start();
new Thread(testLock2,"3").start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
private int ticketNums = 10;
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
try{
lock.lock();
while (true){
if(ticketNums > 0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else{
break;
}
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
生产者消费者问题
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![img](file:///C:\Users\whl151885\Documents\Tencent Files\2076312724\Image\C2C\L4_GMNC@CECD117F9A}S
G.png)
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管程法
synchronized可以阻止并发更新同一个共享资源,实现同步.
但不能来实现不同线程之间的消息传递(即不能实现线程间的通信)
解决方法:
wait() 可以使线程一直等待,直到其它线程通知,与sleep不同,会释放锁.
notifyAll() 可以唤醒同一个对象上所以调用wait()方法的线程,优先级别高的线程优先调度.
``
package wang.com.syn;
//测试:生产者消费者模型,管程法
//生产者 消费者 产品 缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer Container = new SynContainer();
//让生产者,消费者同时生产
new Productor(Container).start();
new Consumer(Container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer Container;
public Productor(SynContainer Container){
this.Container = Container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer Container;
public Consumer(SynContainer Container){
this.Container = Container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了"+Container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id;
//给产品id赋值
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//计数器
int count=0;
//生产者生产
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,等待消费者消费
if(count==chickens.length){
//消费者消费,生产者停止
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//否则生产者也生产
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//消费者停止,生产者生产
try {
//让该线程保持等待,直到有其它线程来通知
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//唤醒该对象所被等待的线程
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法
``
package wang.com.syn;
public class TestPc2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//演员表演--生产者
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("浩哥的幸福生活播放中:");
}else{
this.tv.play("浩哥打炮中:");
}
}
}
}
//观众观看--消费者
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
this.tv.watch();
}
}
//产品--TV
class TV{
//节目名
String voice;
Boolean flag = true;
//T时生产者生产,消费者停止
//F时生产者停止,消费者观看
//演员表演--即生产者生产
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
this.voice = voice;
this.notifyAll();
}
//观众观看--即消费者消费
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了:"+voice);
this.notifyAll();
}
}
线程池
ExecutorService:真正的线程池接口.常见子类ThreadPoolExecutor
void execute(Runnable command):执行任务/命令,没有返回值,一般用来执行Runnable
Futuresubmit(Callabletask):执行任务,有返回值,一般用来执行Callable
void shutdown():关闭连接池
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``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool(10):设置线程池的大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//2.执行线程
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//3.关闭线程池服务
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
多线程总结
``
package wang.com.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class ThreadNew {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyThread01().start();
MyThread02 myThread02 = new MyThread02();
new Thread(myThread02).start();
FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<Integer>(new MyThread03());
new Thread(futureTask).start();
try {
Integer integer = futureTask.get();
System.out.println(integer);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//1.继承Thread方法
class MyThread01 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread01");
}
}
//2.实现Runnable类
class MyThread02 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("MyThread02");
}
}
//3.实现Callable类
class MyThread03 implements Callable<Integer>{
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyThread03");
return 111;
}
}