InetAddress类的使用
一、实现网络通信需要解决的两个问题
- 如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
- 找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行传输
二、网络通信的两个要素
- 对应问题一:IP和端口号
- 对应问题二:提供网络通信写以:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
1.IP的理解
- IP:唯一的表示 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
- 再Java中使用 InetAddress 类代表IP
- Ip分类:IPv4和IPv6;万维网 和 局域网
- 域名 :
域名解析:域名容易记忆,挡在连接网络时输入一个主机的域名后,域名服务器(DNS)负责将域名转化成IP地址,这样才能和主机建立连接。
- 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:Localhost
2.InetAddress类:此类的一个对象就代表着一个具体的IP地址
- 实例化:getByName(String host) \getLocalHost()
- 常用方法:getHostName() | getHostAddress()
- 端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程
要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
范围:被规定为一个16位的整数 0-65535
端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
四、通信要素二:网络通信协议
1.分类模型
2.TCP 和UDP的区别
3.TCP三次握手和四次挥手
TCP网络编程
代码示例1:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
//客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.6");
socket = new Socket(inet, 8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4.资源的关闭
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2.调用accept()表示接受来自客户端的额socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//不建议这样写,可能会有乱码
// byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
// int len;
// while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
// String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
// System.out.println(str);
// }
//4.读取输入流中的数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
System.out.println("收到了来自于: " + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//5.关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
代码示例2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
//1.
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.6"), 9090);
//2
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3
// fis = new FileInputStream(new File(Jisoo.jpg));
//4
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
// fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(Jisoo1.jpg));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
代码示例3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务器保存到本地,并返回“发送成功”给客户端,并关闭相应的连接。
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("192.168.1.6"),9090);
//2
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("Jisoo.jpg"));
//4
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.接受来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
buffer = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//6
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}
/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
//1
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("Jisoo2.jpg"));
//5
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println("图片传输完成");
//6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,照片我已收到!".getBytes());
//7.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();
}
UDP网络编程
代码示例:
//发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
}
URL编程
1.URL(Uniform Resource Locator)的理解:
统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
2.URL的5个基本结构:
-
http://localhost:8080/examples/Jisoo.jpg?username=Tom
-
协议 主机名 端口号 资源地址 参数列表
3.如何实例化:
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/Jisoo.jpg?username=Tom");
4.常用方法:
5.可以读取、下载对应的url资源: