ReentrantLock实现方式与Synchronized实现方式对比
1.ReentrantLock实现
public static void main(String[] args) {
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {//通过for循环确定ReentrantLock是可重入锁
lock.lock();
System.out.println("t1-lock-" + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock-" + i);
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock-" + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock-" + i);
}
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
2.Synchronized实现
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object obj = new Object();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (obj) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
synchronized (obj) {
System.out.println("t1-lock-" + i);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
synchronized (obj) {
System.out.println("t1-unlock-" + i);
}
}
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (obj) {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
synchronized (obj) {
System.out.println("t2-lock-" + i);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
synchronized (obj) {
System.out.println("t2-unlock-" + i);
}
}
}
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
上述两种方式执行结果一致,可能打印的两种执行结果如下:
t2-lock-0
t2-lock-1
t2-lock-2
t2-unlock-0
t2-unlock-1
t2-unlock-2
t1-lock-0
t1-lock-1
t1-lock-2
t1-unlock-0
t1-unlock-1
t1-unlock-2
或
t1-lock-0
t1-lock-1
t1-lock-2
t1-unlock-0
t1-unlock-1
t1-unlock-2
t2-lock-0
t2-lock-1
t2-lock-2
t2-unlock-0
t2-unlock-1
t2-unlock-2
独占性:线程t1和线程t2竞争锁,先获取到锁的线程执行完并释放锁后,另一个线程才能执行
可重入性:线程中的循环方法可以多次获取锁,然后在对锁进行相同次数的释放。
ReentrantLock与Synchronized的区别:
两者性能差别不大,主要区别在于使用方式。
- ReentranLock使用起来较灵活,而且提供了很多其他好用的方法,但是获取锁和释放锁需要分别执行。
- Synchronized使用起来较简单(某些场景反而有些不太灵活),锁的获取和释放均是隐式实现的。
其他区别1:公平锁和非公平锁
- ReentranLock默认情况下和Synchonized一样,实现方式是非公平锁,即锁释放后线程随机获取到锁,无论线程等待时间长短,获取锁的机会相同。相较于公平锁,非公平锁的性能会更好一些。
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(false); //非公平锁
ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); //公平锁
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("t1-lock-" + i);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 5);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock-" + i);
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock-" + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock-" + i);
}
}
});
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.lock();
System.out.println("t3-lock-" + i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
lock.unlock();
System.out.println("t3-unlock-" + i);
}
}
});
//通过休眠使得t1线程在执行未结束时,t2和t3线程已经处于阻塞状态,并且t2比t3阻塞是将长
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
t3.start();
}
使用公平锁之后的打印结果(一种打印结果):
t1-lock-0
t1-lock-1
t1-lock-2
t1-unlock-0
t1-unlock-1
t1-unlock-2
t2-lock-0
t2-lock-1
t2-lock-2
t2-unlock-0
t2-unlock-1
t2-unlock-2
t3-lock-0
t3-lock-1
t3-lock-2
t3-unlock-0
t3-unlock-1
t3-unlock-2
使用非公平锁之后的打印结果(两种打印结果):
第一种打印结果同上。
第二种打印结果:
t1-lock-0
t1-lock-1
t1-lock-2
t1-unlock-0
t1-unlock-1
t1-unlock-2
t3-lock-0
t3-lock-1
t3-lock-2
t3-unlock-0
t3-unlock-1
t3-unlock-2
t2-lock-0
t2-lock-1
t2-lock-2
t2-unlock-0
t2-unlock-1
t2-unlock-2
其他区别2:处理死锁
- 使用synchronized实现锁时,除非线程获取到锁,否则将会一直等待下去。
- 使用ReentrantLock实现锁时,可以使用lockInterruptibly()方法响应中断的获取锁
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//lock1.lock();
lock1.lockInterruptibly();
System.out.println("t1-lock1");
Thread.sleep(1000);//等待1s
//lock2.lock();
lock2.lockInterruptibly();
System.out.println("t1-lock2");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock1.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock1");
lock2.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock2");
System.out.println("t1正常完成");
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock2.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock2");
Thread.sleep(1000);
lock1.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock2.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock2");
lock1.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock1");
}
System.out.println("t2正常完成");
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);//等待2s
t1.interrupt();
}
打印结果:
t1-lock1
t2-lock2
java.lang.InterruptedException
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.doAcquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:898)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1222)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly(ReentrantLock.java:335)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$Sync.tryRelease(ReentrantLock.java:151)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.release(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:1261)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.unlock(ReentrantLock.java:457)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
t1-unlock1
t2-lock1
t2-unlock2
t2-unlock1
t2正常完成
使用ReentrantLock实现锁时,如果我们不使用lockInterruptibly()方法,仍然继续执行t1.interrupt(),会发生什么呢?
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock1.lock();
// lock1.lockInterruptibly();
System.out.println("t1-lock1");
Thread.sleep(1000);//等待1s
lock2.lock();
// lock2.lockInterruptibly();
System.out.println("t1-lock2");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock1.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock1");
lock2.unlock();
System.out.println("t1-unlock2");
System.out.println("t1正常完成");
}
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock2.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock2");
Thread.sleep(1000);
lock1.lock();
System.out.println("t2-lock1");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock2.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock2");
lock1.unlock();
System.out.println("t2-unlock1");
}
System.out.println("t2正常完成");
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);//等待2s
t1.interrupt();
System.out.println("t1.interrupt()已执行");
}
打印结果:
t1-lock1
t2-lock2
t1.interrupt()已执行
(进入死锁状态)
为什么会发生这种情况呢?我们不是已经执行了t1.interrupt()方法吗?
我们来看一下interrupt()方法源码中的注释是怎么说的:
- 除非当前线程中断自身(这是总是允许的),否则将调用该线程的checkAccess方法,这可能导致抛出SecurityException。
- 如果这个线程被阻塞的调用wait()、wait(long)、wait(long, int) 、join()、join(long)、join(long,int)、sleep()、sleep(long)、sleep(long,int)方法,那么它的中断状态将被清除,它将收到一个InterruptedException。
- 如果该线程在可阻止在I / O操作 java.nio.channels.InterruptibleChannel InterruptibleChannel,则该通道将被关闭,该线程的中断状态将被设并且该线程将收到java.nio.channels.ClosedByInterruptException。
- 如果这个线程在java.nio.channels中被阻塞。然后线程的中断状态将被设置,它将立即从选择操作返回,可能带有一个非零值,就像选择器的 java.nio.channels一样方法被调用
- 如果前面的条件都不成立,那么这个线程的interrupt的status将被设置。
- 中断非活动的线程不一定会产生任何效果。
那我们看一下当线程获取不到锁时,会处于什么状态呢?
我们来看一下lock()方法的注释说明:
- 获得锁。如果锁没有被其他线程持有,则>获取锁,并立即返回*,将锁持有计数设置为1。如果当前线程已经持有锁,那么持有计数将增加1,方法立即返回。如果锁被另一个线程持有,那么为了线程调度的目的,当前线程将被禁用,并处于休眠状态,直到锁被获取,此时锁持有计数被设置为1
**从上面的注释中我们可以了解到,线程获取不到锁会处于休眠状态,那这个所谓的休眠状态是不是和sleep()方法的休眠是一样的呢?**后续我们在继续跟一下源码补充在此处。