ts3.8版本特性

ts3.8版本特性

Type-Only Imports and Export

只导入、导出类型。

import type { SomeThing } from "./some-module.js";
export type { SomeThing };

ECMAScript Private Fields

es规范的private 成员变量

class Person {
  #name: string;
  constructor(name: string) {
    this.#name = name;
  }
  greet() {
    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.#name}!`);
  }
}
let jeremy = new Person("Jeremy Bearimy");
jeremy.#name;
//     ~~~~~
// Property '#name' is not accessible outside class 'Person'
// because it has a private identifie

单看这里我们会发现他与private修饰符产生的警告是一样的。

但是这个使用了weakmap实现了真正的私有，而private仅仅是一个检查。简单来说，就是在--noEmitOnError:false时，我们可以进行以下操作。

//private 修饰的结果
let jeremy = new Person("Jeremy Bearimy");
jeremy.name //如果忽视编译警告，运行时获取到"Jeremy Bearimy"

//# 修饰
let jeremy = new Person("Jeremy Bearimy");
jeremy.name //Error,name of undefined
jeremy.#name //Error,name of undefined

造成这一结果的原因用如下编译结果来分析

//private的编译前后
class Name {
  private name;
  constructor(name: string) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}

let n1 = new Name("111");
n1.name; //这里会在代码编译时产生警告
//------
var Name = /** @class */ (function () {
    function Name(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    return Name;
}());
var n1 = new Name("111");
n1.name; //任然可以运行获得name

//#,注意__classPrivateFieldSet与__classPrivateFieldGet为辅助函数，提高代码的复用率
//同时提供对于weakmap的get、set操作
class Person1 {
  #name: string;
  #qq: string;
  constructor(name: string, qq: string) {
    this.#name = name;
    this.#qq = qq;
  }
  greet() {
    console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.#name}!`);
  }
}
let jeremy = new Person1("Jeremy Bearimy");
jeremy.#name;
//--------
var _Person1_name, _Person1_qq;
var Person1 = /** @class */ (function () {
    function Person1(name, qq) {
        _Person1_name.set(this, void 0);
        _Person1_qq.set(this, void 0);
        __classPrivateFieldSet(this, _Person1_name, name, "f");
        __classPrivateFieldSet(this, _Person1_qq, qq, "f");
    }
    Person1.prototype.greet = function () {
        console.log("Hello, my name is " + __classPrivateFieldGet(this, _Person1_name, "f") + "!");
    };
    return Person1;
}());
_Person1_name = new WeakMap(), _Person1_qq = new WeakMap();
var jeremy = new Person1("Jeremy Bearimy");
jeremy.;  //编译后无法运行
//虽然我们仍然可以修改代码通过_Person1_name.get(jeremy)获取到名字，但是从某种意义上在运行环境下会更加不容易被外部修改。

#name编译的结果是一个成员一个weakmap必须调用weakmap.get()才能获取到成员变量。

//.ts
class Person1 {
  #name: string;
  #qq: string;
  ....
}

//.js
var _Person1_name, _Person1_qq;
(_Person1_name = new WeakMap()), (_Person1_qq = new WeakMap());

• 私有成员以#开头
• private、public等修饰符不能与#连用。