IntentService是什么
- 本质是一种特殊的Service,继承自Service并且本身是一个抽象类,优先级高于Service。
- 它可以在后台执行耗时的异步任务,任务完成后会自动停止。
- 它拥有较高的优先级,不易被系统杀死(因为继承Service),因此比较适合执行一些高优先级的异步任务。
- 它背部通过HandlerThread和Handler实现异步操作。
- 创建IntentService时,只需要实现onHandleIntent和构造方法,onHandleIntent是异步方法,可以执行耗时操作。
IntentService源码分析
IntentService的onCreate方法:
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
当启动IntentService时,它的onCreate方法将会被调用,其内部会去创建一个HandlerThread并启动,接着创建一个ServiceHandler(继承Handler),并传入 HandlerThread的Looper对象,这样ServiceHandler就变成可以处理异步线程的执行类了(因为Looper对象与HandlerThread绑定,而HandlerThread又是一个异步线程,我们把HandlerThread持有的Looper对象传递给Handler后,ServiceHandler内部就持有异步线程的Looper,自然就可以执行异步任务)。
IntentService如何启动异步任务?IntentService启动后还会去调用onStartCommand方法,而onStartCommand方法又会去调用onStart方法。
@Override
public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(@Nullable Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
onStart方法中,IntentService通过mServiceHandler的sendMessage方法发送一个消息,这个消息将会发送到HandlerThread中进行处理(因为HandlerThread持有Looper对象,所以其实是Looper从消息队列中取出消息进行处理,然后调用mServiceHandler的handleMessage方法)。
ServiceHandler:
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
这里说明onHandlerIntent确实是一个异步处理方法(ServiceHandler本身就是一个异步处理的handler类),在onHandleIntent方法执行结束后,IntentService会通过stopSelf(int startId)方法来尝试停止服务。采用stopSelf(int startId)而不是stopSelf()来停止服务,是因为stopSelf()会立即停止服务,而stopSelf(int startId)会等待所有消息都处理完毕后才终止服务。
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent);
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mServiceLooper.quit();
}
onHandlerIntent方法是一个抽象方法,所以在创建IntentService时必须实现该方法,通过分析,onHandleIntent方法也是个异步方法。注意,如果后台任务只有一个的话,onHandleIntent执行完,服务就会销毁,如果任务有多个,onHandleIntent执行完最后一个任务时,服务才会销毁。
每一次执行一个后台任务就必须启动一次IntentService,而IntentService内部则是通过消息的方式发送给HandlerThread的,由Handler中的Looper来处理消息,Looper时按顺序从消息队列中取任务,当有多个任务时,这些任务按照任务时序排队执行。
IntentService和Service的区别
Service用于后台服务,当应用程序被挂到后台时,为了保证某些组件仍然可以工作。
Service不是独立的进程,也不是独立的线程,它依赖于应用程序的主线程。不建议在Service中进行耗时操作,否则会引起ANR,为了解决这个问题,可以使用IntentService。
IntentService时继承Service的,包含了Service的全部特性和生命周期。IntentService执行onCreate时,内部会开一个线程(HandlerThread)去执行耗时操作。
如何使用IntentService
public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {
private static final String TAG = "Ekko-Service";
public static final String DOWNLOAD_URL = "download_url";
public static final String INDEX_FLAG = "index_flag";
public static UpdateUI updateUI;
public MyIntentService() {
super("MyIntentService");
}
public static void setUpdateUI(UpdateUI updateUIInterface) {
updateUI = updateUIInterface;
}
/**
* 实现异步任务的方法
*
* @param intent Activity传递过来的Intent,数据封装在intent中
*/
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
//在子线程中进行网络请求
Bitmap bitmap = downloadUrlBitmap(intent.getStringExtra(DOWNLOAD_URL));
Message msg1 = new Message();
msg1.what = intent.getIntExtra(INDEX_FLAG, 0);
msg1.obj = bitmap;
//通知主线程去更新UI
if (updateUI != null) {
updateUI.updateUI(msg1);
}
Log.d(TAG, "onHandleIntent");
}
public interface UpdateUI {
void updateUI(Message message);
}
private Bitmap downloadUrlBitmap(String urlString) {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
BufferedInputStream in = null;
Bitmap bitmap = null;
try {
final URL url = new URL(urlString);
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), 8 * 1024);
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in);
} catch (final IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (urlConnection != null) {
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
}
} catch (final IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return bitmap;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);
Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
}
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand");
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.d(TAG, "onBind");
return super.onBind(intent);
}
}
Activity
public class ServiceActivity4 extends AppCompatActivity implements MyIntentService.UpdateUI {
/**
* 图片地址集合
*/
private String url[] = {
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083245762",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083252184",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083257871",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083311972",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083319668",
"https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160903083326871"
};
private ImageView imageView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_service4);
imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyIntentService.class);
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {//循环启动任务
intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.DOWNLOAD_URL, url[i]);
intent.putExtra(MyIntentService.INDEX_FLAG, i);
startService(intent);
}
MyIntentService.setUpdateUI(this);
}
//必须通过Handler去更新,该方法为异步方法,不可更新UI
@Override
public void updateUI(Message message) {
mUIHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message, message.what * 1000);
}
private final Handler mUIHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
imageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) msg.obj);
}
};
}